Essay --

Participation of hyperglycemia in triggering the multiple oxidative stress pathways in the course of diabetes. AngII angiotensin II eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase Jac/STAT janus kinase (Jac)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) LDL low density lipoprotein cholesterol MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase MetS metabolic syndrome NF-b nuclear transcription factor b NO nitric oxide NOS nitric oxide synthase O2 superoxide anion radical OH hydroxyl radical ONOO peroxynitrite PCK protein kinase C . Adapted from Johansen et al., 2005 The increased oxidative stress in subjects with type 2 diabetes is therefore a magnitude of several abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia, each of which contributes to mitochondrial superoxide overproduction in endothelial cells of large and small vessels as well as the myocardium15COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES Whether diabetes occurs as a end point of type 1, the early-onset and predominantly insulin-dependent form, or type 2, the late-onset... Essay -- Participation of hyperglycemia in triggering the multiple oxidative stress pathways in the course of diabetes. AngII angiotensin II eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase Jac/STAT janus kinase (Jac)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) LDL low density lipoprotein cholesterol MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase MetS metabolic syndrome NF-b nuclear transcription factor b NO nitric oxide NOS nitric oxide synthase O2 superoxide anion radical OH hydroxyl radical ONOO peroxynitrite PCK protein kinase C . Adapted from Johansen et al., 2005 The increased oxidative stress in subjects with type 2 diabetes is therefore a magnitude of several abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia, each of which contributes to mitochondrial superoxide overproduction in endothelial cells of large and small vessels as well as the myocardium15COMPL ICATIONS OF DIABETES Whether diabetes occurs as a dissolver of type 1, the early-onset and predominantly insulin-dependent form, or type 2, the late-onset...