Essay --

Participation of hyperglycemia in triggering the multiple oxidative stress pathways in the course of diabetes. AngII angiotensin II eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase Jac/STAT janus kinase (Jac)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) LDL low density lipoprotein cholesterol MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase MetS metabolic syndrome NF-b nuclear transcription factor b NO nitric oxide NOS nitric oxide synthase O2 superoxide anion radical OH hydroxyl radical ONOO peroxynitrite PCK protein kinase C . Adapted from Johansen et al., 2005 The increased oxidative stress in subjects with type 2 diabetes is therefore a magnitude of several abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia, each of which contributes to mitochondrial superoxide overproduction in endothelial cells of large and small vessels as well as the myocardium15COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES Whether diabetes occurs as a end point of type 1, the early-onset and predominantly insulin-dependent form, or type 2, the late-onset... Essay -- Participation of hyperglycemia in triggering the multiple oxidative stress pathways in the course of diabetes. AngII angiotensin II eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase Jac/STAT janus kinase (Jac)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) LDL low density lipoprotein cholesterol MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase MetS metabolic syndrome NF-b nuclear transcription factor b NO nitric oxide NOS nitric oxide synthase O2 superoxide anion radical OH hydroxyl radical ONOO peroxynitrite PCK protein kinase C . Adapted from Johansen et al., 2005 The increased oxidative stress in subjects with type 2 diabetes is therefore a magnitude of several abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia, each of which contributes to mitochondrial superoxide overproduction in endothelial cells of large and small vessels as well as the myocardium15COMPL ICATIONS OF DIABETES Whether diabetes occurs as a dissolver of type 1, the early-onset and predominantly insulin-dependent form, or type 2, the late-onset...

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Sir Gawain and the common land ennoble - Gawain Finds The Green Knights CastlePASSAGE ANALYSISLINES 763-841Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is an Arthurian story about the first risk of Sir Gawain (King Arthurs nephew). The causality and date of this romance are not exactly known yet may be dated circa 1375-1400, because the author seems to be a present-day(a) of Geoffrey Chaucer. From the rattling start of the story, the author gives a grand introduction for Arthur and his court, and then Arthurs men are described as bold boys (line 21) which means that they are brave, scarce however boys. If they are so brave why then did the author not describe them as men? Chaucer uses this kind of irony to describe his characters in The oecumenical Prologue of The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer made no direct judgements on his characters in the General Prologue, nor does the unknown author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. This particular personation (lines 763-841) from Sir Gawain and th e Green Knight deals to begin with with Gawain, Arthurs almost courteous and well-mannered knight, finding the castle of the Green Knight, whose name is Bercilak, and then there is a lengthy comment given of the castle. Gawain is on a travel to find the Green Knight almost one year later. He promised to take his hits from the Green Knight. The most important item in this passage is the description of the castle. Bercilaks castle is well protected and similar to other castles during this period. This castle is unlike others, however, because it is magical and because of its symbolism. Castles in the Middle AgesA Summary of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight compend of PassageIn this particular passage, Gawain is a knight who is on a journey with deep faith in his religion. This is expressed through his passionate prayers to christ and Mary. No one is here to help him except idol who he speaks to and asks to hear mass on Christmas Eve. He humbles himself meekly before God in the s now and cold. His prayers are then answered immediately. Bercilaks castle appears out of nowhere, green with trees and grass as if it were springtime. It is almost as if the castle were provided for Gawain by God. He is at Bercilaks court, but of course, does not know this until the end. After praying, he crosses himself three times and then this grand estate appears before him like magic.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain and the Green KnightSir Gawain and the Green Knight - Gawain Finds The Green Knights CastlePASSAGE ANALYSISLINES 763-841Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is an Arthurian story about the first adventure of Sir Gawain (King Arthurs nephew). The author and date of this romance are not exactly known but may be dated circa 1375-1400, because the author seems to be a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer. From the very start of the story, the author gives a grand introduction for Arthur and his court, and then Arthurs men are described as bold boys (line 21) which m eans that they are brave, but only boys. If they are so brave why then did the author not describe them as men? Chaucer uses this kind of irony to describe his characters in The General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer made no direct judgements on his characters in the General Prologue, nor does the unknown author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. This particular passage (lines 763-841) from Sir Gawain and the Green Knight deals primarily with Gawain, Arthurs most courteous and well-mannered knight, finding the castle of the Green Knight, whose name is Bercilak, and then there is a lengthy description given of the castle. Gawain is on a journey to find the Green Knight almost one year later. He promised to take his hits from the Green Knight. The most important item in this passage is the description of the castle. Bercilaks castle is well protected and similar to other castles during this period. This castle is unlike others, however, because it is magical and because of its symbolism. Castles in the Middle AgesA Summary of Sir Gawain and the Green KnightAnalysis of PassageIn this particular passage, Gawain is a knight who is on a journey with deep faith in his religion. This is expressed through his fervent prayers to Christ and Mary. No one is here to help him except God who he speaks to and asks to hear mass on Christmas Eve. He humbles himself meekly before God in the snow and cold. His prayers are then answered immediately. Bercilaks castle appears out of nowhere, green with trees and grass as if it were springtime. It is almost as if the castle were provided for Gawain by God. He is at Bercilaks court, but of course, does not know this until the end. After praying, he crosses himself three times and then this grand estate appears before him like magic.

How Intelligent Are Dolphins? Essay -- Aquariums Intelligence Essays

How Intelligent Are Dolphins?There is something about dolphins that fascinates me. They are some of the most intelligent and beautiful animals that I slang ever seen. Their faces are so cute that every time I look at a dolphin it looks like it is smiling at me and wants to tell me something. The noises they make represent some kind of language and it makes me wonder if they can really communicate. I also want to know what kind of touch they have and whether they have emotions. This is why I chose to do this I-search project on dolphins the different kinds of dolphins there are, the places that they can be found and their mental abilities.I cogitate sitting at a dolphin show when I was six years old. I felt like the dolphins were my friends I felt like I could go to them and tell them all my stories, laugh with them and share my thoughts. They seemed innocent and sweet to me. After the show I went down to the water where the dolphins were with my mother and we asked if I could inc isively play with them for a little. The trainer let me. There are no words to express my excitement. I went to the dolphin and I hugged him I gave him a angle and them I started telling him a story. I do not remember what I said anymore because I was really young at the time. What I do remember is that the story was funny and I was laughing and then the dolphin started making these noises as he was laughing with me. Then he splash me with water. Years later when I thought about that experience and I did not know whether it was just my childish imagination or if the dolphins actually understood. I wanted to find out if that they possess great intelligence, sense of humor and if they can really communicate with each other.Regina Blackstock is a ve... ...someone next to them. They have families. ultimately they have great sense of humor. Dolphins are one of the most intelligent mammals on the planet earth and I am glad that I have realized that. Works CitedBlackstock, Regina. Dolp hins and Man Equals? May 1970 Kirby, Sally. Dolphins. 20 Sept. 1997 Kodat, Rebecca. What is dolphin echolocation? 2002 Loris Mishmash Humor Page. Dolphin IntelligenceMIT Sea Grant College Program, Do dolphins sleep? http//web.mit.edu/seagrant/dolphinsleep/questions/dolphins/sleep.htmlThe day I was rescued by dolphins.

A Comparison of Thomas Grays Elegy (Eulogy) Written in a Country Churc

A Comparison of Thomas Grays threnody (Eulogy) Written in a Country Churchyard and Bryants Thanatopsis Thomas Gray and William Cullen Bryant both chose to write somewhat nature and death being intertwined. Since Thomas Gray lived in a time of social injustice, he chose to use death to illustrate the problems inherent in a socially stratified society. William Cullen Bryant, on the other hand, lived in a rapidly expanding young nation that cherished the vast amounts of untouched nature and he used death to illustrate how man fits into the universal truth of the earth. However, both workforce believed that death rendered all men equal in that all went to their closing resting place in Mother Natures bosom. While Grays lamentation Written in a Country Churchyard comes across as a social commentary on the English peasants and Bryants Thanatopsis serves as a catalog of American Romantic beliefs, both believe that one must listen to nature, that death makes all men equal, and that m an returns to nature after death. To compare how the poems minor themes are similar, one must first understand their major themes differences. Elegy differs so greatly from Thanatopsis because they came from immensely different times and countries. Gray wrote Elegy in eighteenth century England after the death of one of his friends. Influenced by the English Romantics like Gray, Bryant, who spent overmuch of his time out in the wild, wrote Thanatopsis in praise of natures splendor. Elegy appears at first to be solely about death but emerges as a social commentary on the plight of the poor. Gray first explains how the commoners delight in the simple life of working in the fields and enjoying their families while chilliness Penury held them back from gr... ... Brady, Frank. Structure and Meaning in Grays Elegy Thomas Grays Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 7-17. Carper, Thomas. Grays own(prenominal) Elegy Thomas Grays Elegy Writte n in a Country Churchyard. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 39-50. Lonsdale, Roger. Poetry of Thomas Gray Versions of the Self Thomas Grays Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 19-38. McLean, Albert. William Cullen Bryant. New York Twayne Publishers, Inc, 1964. 65-81. Smith, Eric. Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Thomas Grays Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 51-67. Peckham, Harry Houston. Gotham Yankee. New York Russell and Russell, 1971. 31-35.

Pornography and Prostitution :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Pornography and Prostitution The topic that I have been researching for the past few weeks has been prostitution. It has been very fire so far. The studies have shown just exactly what the problems with prostitution are. In some of the older books I read, historians were interested mainly in discussing the attitudes toward prostitution but in more recent work the focus has been on prostitutes themselves including their range of alternatives, their conditions of work, their health and liveliness spans, their careers-and interaction between prostitutes and others, such as reformers, clients, or bosses. Studies about workforce and women, boys, and girls who have been involved in prostitution and/or pornography have revealed a lot. They are the hardest patients to treat. They say they want help, but nothing thats make to help them out works. They run back. They just dont seem to want to change. Women who have been subjected to continuous abuse and victimization over which they have no control or understanding have developed a sense of psychological paralysis that prohibits their ability to do anything positive about further victimization. They rely they are unable to change their destructive behavior. They become entrapped in helplessness and hopelessness. They feel themselves to be out of control of their lives. Essentially, they have developed a chronic disorder as a result of their victimization and an inability to separate themselves from the sexual exploitation in order to make a better life for themselves. In a recent study based on an analysis of 200 women street prostitutes, 78% reported starting prostitution as juveniles and 68% were 16 or younger when they started prostitution. A majority of the juvenile prostitutes described family structures with the outward appearances of stability. Over three-fourths reported having a religious upbringing. Forty share were raised by both mother and father. The younger the prostitute, the more educated the fa mily. Yet, despite the religious, financial, and other appearances of success, the study revealed a number of problems occurring within the family. More than fractional the prostitutes had parents involved in excessive drinking. In over half the families the child saw the father hit the mother violently and 62% of the subjects were themselves beaten plot of land growing up. Only in a few cases was the beating related to something the subject did. The most damaging psychologically are those cases in which the victims could not traffic pattern out why they were being beaten or those in which they were being beaten for no special reason.

Pornography and Prostitution :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Pornography and Prostitution The topic that I set out been researching for the past few weeks has been prostitution. It has been actually interesting so far. The studies have shown just exactly what the problems with prostitution are. In some of the older books I read, historians were interested mainly in discussing the attitudes toward prostitution exclusively in more recent work the focus has been on prostitutes themselves including their range of alternatives, their conditions of work, their health and life spans, their careers-and interaction between prostitutes and others, such as reformers, clients, or bosses. Studies some men and women, boys, and girls who have been involved in prostitution and/or pornography have revealed a lot. They are the hardest patients to treat. They say they want help, but nothing thats done to help them out works. They run back. They just dont seem to want to change. Women who have been subjected to continuous abuse and victimization over which t hey have no control or understanding have developed a sense of psychological paralysis that prohibits their ability to do anything positive about and victimization. They believe they are unable to change their destructive behavior. They become entrapped in helplessness and hopelessness. They feel themselves to be out of control of their lives. Essentially, they have developed a chronic disorder as a result of their victimization and an inability to separate themselves from the sexual exploitation in order to make a best life for themselves. In a recent study based on an analysis of 200 women street prostitutes, 78% reported starting prostitution as juveniles and 68% were 16 or younger when they started prostitution. A majority of the juvenile prostitutes described family structures with the outward appearances of stability. Over three-fourths reported having a religious upbringing. 40 percent were raised by both mother and father. The younger the prostitute, the more educated t he family. Yet, despite the religious, financial, and other appearances of success, the study revealed a number of problems occurring within the family. more(prenominal) than half the prostitutes had parents involved in excessive drinking. In over half the families the child saw the father hit the mother violently and 62% of the subjects were themselves trounce while growing up. Only in a few cases was the beating related to something the subject did. The most damaging psychologically are those cases in which the victims could not figure out why they were being beaten or those in which they were being beaten for no special reason.

Summarise entitlement and provision for early years education Essay

Summarise entitlement and provision for archean years tuition. Since 2004 local education authorities, funded by the government ensured that every child in the UK aged three and four years old aim been entitled to free places at babys room or another pre shoal setting (including childminders). From 1st September 2010 the Government extended these hours from 12. 5 to 15 hours for up to 38 weeks of the year. The free entitlement provides universal admission price to early childhood education and cargon, ensuring that all children have the opportunity to benefit from early years education.The extended hours also supports parents who wish to go back to work or develop their careers through further education by providing affordable day care. From 1st September 2013 the government extended the age so that some devil year old children could also eligible for this free accompaniment. The free early education places can be at Nursery schools which are stand unaccompanied establishment s that delivers the EYFS (Early Years Foundation Stage) to children aged 3-4 years. It is structured in the same way as a school, with a headteacher, teachers and various other professionals.Here the children only access the 12. 5 hours of free government entitlement, in the same way a child would if attending the nursery class at the local primary school. Nurseries on school sites, nursery classes in schools and academies take children aged 3 and 4 years old, usually for the year forrader they start the first school year. They are sometimes attached to a primary school. They may have a separate building and playground away from the main school but distribute the same headteacher and staff.Both types intend to provide a grounding for the child to start school, offering a range of structured educational experiences based on learning through play. Day nurseries are usually privately run and provide care for children aged from birth to five years old. All moldiness be registered and annually inspected by Ofsted (the Office for Standards in Education). There are strict guidelines on the ratio of staff to children 1. for under two year olds wholeness carer to three children 2. two to three year olds one carer to four children 3.three to five year olds one carer to eight children Day nurseries are usually undecided from 8. 00 am to 6. 00 pm all year round. In day nurseries 50 per cent of staff must have a childcare qualification children have the chance to learn and play with friends childcare is reliable if one member of staff is ill, others are available to cover some day nurseries offer school pick-ups and out of school care eligible for help with costs through the Working Tax Credit funded places may be available for children in their lowest pre-school year part time places are often available.However, many day nurseries are not flexible if you work shifts or weekends and there can be long waiting lists. Some playgroups accept children aged between two and five, and are short sessions where children stay and play with other children their age. Registered Childminders are childcare professionals functional in their own homes to provide care and education for other peoples children in a family setting. They have to be inspected and registered by Ofsted in England. more Registered Childminders are flexible and will work to the hours that parents need. This makes Childminding a valuable childcare option for parents.All Registered Childminders in England are legally required to complete a pre-registration briefing session and must have completed a local authority approved training course to help them understand and implement the EYFS before they can register with Ofsted. They must also complete a 12 hour Paediatric First Aid Course and gain a surety as part of their registration. Sure Start Childrens Centres are places that provide information and services for families with young children aged from birth to five years in the local c ommunity. Sure Start is the governments programme to support young children and families.The establishment of multi-agency Sure Start Childrens Centres brings together early learning, wellness and family support. They actively support parents in their aspirations towards employment, education and training. The Sure Start approach ensures that every child gets the best possible start in life and helps parents learn with confidence how they balance their work and family commitments. Nannies and home-based carers Provide care for children in your home and can look after children of any age. Early years education funding will only be available in an Ofsted inspected setting which is found to be of a satisfactory level.

Mathe N Science in English

TEACHING MATHES AND SCIENCE IN ENGLISH OR BAHASA MALAYSIA As I read by a lot of articles on teaching math and science in slope (The Star, New Straits Times and New Sunday Times), I make two major advantages of this education approach. The first advantage of teaching maths and Science in position is to allow the students to play on global platform. English has now established itself as the just about important language for trade as well as learning. That is why the exposure of English should be wider and more than sufficient. LearningMathematics and Science is necessary as English is now spoken by 1. 8 million in all sectors especially accountancy and checkup professions. virtually reject the policy because of the poor performance of rural students, following an adherent stumbling block created. However, this has been discussed by Hashim Adnan, a president of National Union of Teaching Profession. He suggested that students should be taught subjects in English from a real e arly age, so nobody will be left behind. So, our government has done so by making learning English Grammar since students are in primary school.In fact, Science is introduced to fist year students of primary school to study in a very early age. Moreover, the subject is taught in English, as well as Mathematics. For example, in China, where people once had poor command of English, usage of the language was improving by leaps and bounce. It was not just happening in Vietnam where the schoolchildren were already conversation in English. This shows that learning English in especially universal subjects like Mathematics and Science would benefit the students as they will have to converse in English for at least several topics or labels in the subjects.Therefore, it is necessary to learn Mathematics and Science in English allows the students to stand on worldwide stage. What is amazing about being able to learn subjects in English is the students can get it on with their further studies well especially in Science field. Hence, it is a significant advantage to learn Mathematics and Science in English. This strongly supported because a lot of feedback from previous students who were in era where Science and Mathematics were not taught in English. A numbers of interviews have been done involving many Malaysia students who are quiesce now studying in several universities abroad.Most of them claimed that they feel regret because they did not have a chance to study Mathematics and Science in English. This is because most of them are now major studying in the field of Science so, most of the reference books are written in English. Even though their English are good, they feel that it would be easier to cope the terms and labels of either Mathematics on Science during their first year if they have studied both subjects in English. Furthermore, it also helps them in their future career.If a local student is going to be a scientist, or at least work in medical professions, he cannot explain the findings to the world as he does not know the knowledge of Scientific English. A businessman also needs to use the Mathematics terms in English, otherwise he possibly cannot expand to the outside world. Therefore, it is a very significant advantage to learn Mathematics and Science in English as the students can cope with their further studies well especially in medical sector. Therefore, Malaysians should accept this approach in order to face a lot more education barriers towards Vision 2020.

Mobile Phone and Samsung Galaxy Note

The word Samsung symbolises three stars in Korean. Samsung is known globally for its electronic increases and it is one of the successful brands in the electronic industry. It is an established fraternity almost all around the world. While the Samsung Electronics is a South Korean multinational electronics and information technology follow headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul. It is the flag ship auxiliary of the Samsung Group. With assembly plants and sales networks in 61 countries across the world, Samsung has approximately 160, 000 employees.In1938, the Samsungs fo down the stairs Byung-Chull Lee set up a trade export company in Korea, selling fish, vegetables, and fruit to China. Within a decade Samsung had flour mills and confectionary machines and became a co-operation in 1951. From 1958 onwards Samsung began to expand in too the industries such as financial, media, chemicals and ship building. In1969, Samsung Electronics was established producing what Samsung is most famo us for, Televisions, Mobile Phones ( doneout90s), Radios, Computer components and former(a) electronics devices.In 1987, Byung-Chull Lee passed away and Kun-Hee Lee took over as chairman. In the 1990, Samsung began to expand globally building factories in the US, Britain, Ger some(prenominal), Thailand, Mexico, Spain and China until1997. On the other hand, Samsung has developed the lightest mobile visit of its era. Then they developed smart phones and a phone combined mp3 player towards the end of the 20th century. To this date Samsung atomic number 18 dedicated to the 3G industry such as making video, camera phones at a speed to keep up with consumer demand.Introduction of Product Brand Line A reaping line is a group of crossways that are related and manufacture by the same company. Product lines are not to be confused with result bundling, which combines various items into one type of increase. For example, Samsung home appliances product line efficiency include refrigerato r, washing machine, air conditioner, vacuum cleaner and others. Other example, Samsungs mobile phones are divided into product lines based on the following features touch screens, slider or folders, QWERTY keyboards and ar phones base on the product worth, product quality, who the product is aimed at target group, and product specification. Product lines help to manage their products as product strategy arouse be designed around product lines. Samsung has offered more(prenominal) than than one product line with the product that are all closely related. polar type of product line might toward different type of segmentation based on the customer. Samsung try to expand its bloodline is by adding to its existing product line. This is because people are more likely to purchase products from brands with which they are already familiar and confident.Product Introduction The introduction of Samsung wandflower Note in the course of study 2011 popularized the term Phablet, mainly bec ause of its large display screen. Now, the updated version of Galaxy Note is released. The Samsung Galaxy Note 2 comes with many gamey end features and it runs on mechanical man 4. 1 (Jelly Bean) OS. The phone is powered by a 1. 6 GHz quad-core processor. The Samsung Galaxy Note 2 is wider than the previous version. The display screen measures 5. 5 inches and it offers visuals at a resolution of 720 x 1280 pixels. The phone weighs about 180 grams and it is 9. mm thick. The super AMOLED display screen of the phone is protected by Corning Gorilla glassful 2. The phone sports an 8 MP camera for capturing images at a good resolution. Users can besides record HD videos using this handset. The Samsung Galaxy Note 2 overly comes with a 2 MP secondary camera. The powerful 3100 mAh battery in the handset offers ample talk time and standby time. The phone comes with 16/32/64 GB internal memory capability. This is expandable further up to 64 GB through with(predicate) a microSD card. Th e Samsung Galaxy Note 2 has quintuple platforms for connecting to the internet.High speed internet is possible through 3G, 4G and Wi-Fi connectivity. The phone has Bluetooth and micro USB port for file transfer with other devices. The A-GPS feature can guide you when you are lost in an unknown city. The phone comes with a stylus stick and it offers many high end features for users. Samsung Product (Luxury Product) Samsung Galaxy Note 2 is a luxury good. A luxury good is a product that not necessary but which tend to make life more pleasant for the consumer, very much more expensive and primarily purchased by people with more wealth and income.In other words, as people receive more income, they devote an more and more larger share of income to the purchase of luxury goods. This is because Samsung Galaxy Note 2 has just concentrated on securities industry segment that are high income. mass exit purchase the Samsungs product although with a high impairment as their income increa ses. Samsung Galaxy Note 2 has a many competing brands in the market such as Nokia, Apple and HTC. These alternative brands also offer the same products but with different features. Complement and substituteSubstitution execution is always prejudicious for Samsung, that is because consumers will always switch from spending on higher(prenominal)(prenominal)-priced goods to lower-priced goods ones. For example, if they are not satisfied with the price of Samsung Galaxy government note II, definitely they will seek for other products which deport same function and cheaper than Samsungs smartphone such as Sony Ericsson, Iphone5, Nokia N9. Those competitorss product is strong enough to make out with Samsung because their products are quality and cheaper than Samsung Galaxy note II.In conclusion, those threats will definitely diminution the demand for Samsung Galaxy note II. But, the one reason which differentiates the Samsung Galaxy note II with another product is their complement al products. The complementary products which exist in Samsung Galaxy note II is a removable battery, memory expansion via a micro SD slot and a constitutional stylus, The S pen, that help users work well in their handwritten note and simple drawing. Those complementary products helped in increase of the demand of Samsung Galaxy Note II. food market Structure Samsung family had been categorized as oligopolistic market structure because they have only a few sellers such as Nokia, Apple, Sony Ericsson and HTC. Even with such dispirited amount of firms, they manage to control all the market. Other than that, Samsung products are classified as differentiated product because they set the price on different product with different design. This market structure had high barrier to entry because it is too costly or difficult for potential rivals to innovate the market. Besides that, irms that are interdependent such as Samsung and LG are mutual interdependence. A firm operating in a mar ket with just a few competitors must prognosticate the potential reaction of its closest rivals when making its own decisions. For example, if Samsung Company wishes to increase its market share by reducing price, they must also predict the accident that close rivals such as Nokia and HTC, may do such action too. Furthermore, the firms under oligopoly market structure are price maker this is because they set the price by themselves, not determine by the government.The Samsung company also do a lot of advertisments to incite their products so that the comsumers will know about their products through multimedia such as televesion, radio, tenderspaper and internet. Part 2 Compare the price of Samsung Galaxy Note II with Nokia N9 The price of Samsung Galaxy Note II with 1 year contract is about RM 1899 than will be higher the Nokia N9 for RM 699. The price of Samsung Galaxy Note II without contract is about RM 2299 and for Nokia is RM1199. The price shift between the Samsung Galaxy Note II and Nokia N9 will be RM 1200 with contract and RM 1100 without contract.The reason the price of Samsung Galaxy Note II will higher than Nokia N9 is the technological specifications of the phone. The product differentation would be Samsung Galaxy Note II is counting on a totally different approach across the entire Android ecosystem with renewal but for the Nokia N9 is just using the normal windows software as the processer. This cause the Samsung Note II became the world best smartphone for now and the customers will be royal and happy when using the phone. Besides that, the Samsung Galaxy Note II has a Quad-core 1. GHz Cortex-a-9 chip as the processor and with 2GB of RAM as for the Nokia N9 used 1 GHz Cortex a-8 ship as the processor with 1GB of RAM.Obvious the Samsung Galaxy Note II will react faster than the Nokia N9 because of the internal build-in. The customers now a solar day would prefer better and faster software even through the price will be higher but they w ill statifisfy with it. Other than that, will be the advertisement of Samsung Galaxy Note II and Nokia N9. The Samsung Galaxy Note II was released at 30 August 2012 that will be 1 day in the lead Merdeka day. The Samsung Company rabs this opportunity to promote their new product by giving discount to get out more customers in the day of Merdeka. They also promote through television, internet, newspaper and as a banner at roadside. With this huge promotion, they are able to get their sales. As for the Nokia N9 was released at 21 June 2011. At that time the Nokia company do not promote their new product rapidly and thither are just several people know about the Nokia N9 and also don not notice that it was quite a useful smartphone. Because of the lack promotion of Nokia Company, they are not able to set the phone at higher price.Furthermore, in this modern world the Samsung Company already achieved a standard brand name compare to Nokia Company because the qualities of the products is better. The Samsung product automatically will have a greater cost of production than Nokia product. The costs of production of Samsung Galaxy Note II also higher than the Nokia N9. Because Samsung Galaxy Note II is more advance in design, body shape, internal software used and better sound system than Nokia N9. So the cost of production also will be higher. The Samsung Company is willing to produce and sell a greater quantity of Galaxy Note II because the product price is high.Samsung Company hopes that the brand new Galaxy Note II will be the greatest smartphone for the year so they put effort on it. Conclusion is that Samsung Galaxy Note II is better, faster and performance well than Nokia N9. Samsung company promote their new product but Nokia company do not and with the reason above will be why the price of Samsung Galaxy Note II will be higher than Nokia N9. Part 3 The market structure of Samsung company is oligopoly which proven by a few characteristic. The first one is a few sellers which control the most of the market. It sells differentianted and high barriers to enter the market for new firms.From the Samsung firms viewpoint, there are a few advantages and disadvantages of being an oligopoly. The first advantage for the firm is high barriers of entry for new firms. This is because the exclusive financial requirement to bolt down the business which can prevent the small firm from entering the market. This can avoid the profit being shared to other new firms. The company also need to spend money on the Research and Development (R&D) to do new products which needs large money. This is to prove that the new entrants no easily if they want to enter the market.Secondly, oligopoly encourages firms to make efforts to innovate and produce more advanced product because all the firms are crazy about winning a more competitive mall in the whole market. For Samsung Company, it tries to design the phone that suit for most of the consumers with the latest t echnology and resources they have. For example, Samsung galaxy note II is a popular phone among the consumers because of the design, the function, and the size of it of screen which preferred by the consumers. This can increase the profit of the Samsung Company when the sale of phone is increasing.On the other hand, the disavantage from firms viewpoint is high cost spent on adverstiment and Research and Development for the product. This can increase the input cost and the firm will set higher price for the product to cover the cost. The company has to spend money to develop a new product. After developed a new product, the company has to promote the product through television, internet, newspaper and radio. This is to inform the consumers that there is a new product launched by Samsung Company. Furthermore, there are strong competitors like Apple Company, Sony Company and somemore which can compete with Samsung Company.Some of the consumers like to buy iphone and some like to buy S ony phone. Samsung have to launch new products which can give the cosumcers high satisfaction to maintain the lay in the market. If other company able to produce a new phone which bring higher expactation than the consumers expact, the consumers will buy the new phone. This can strangle the buyers to buy the Samsung Companys product. In the consumers viewpoint, the advantages of buying a product under oligopoly market structure is the consumers can easily make price comparison among the few companies.Consumers can compare the phone price between the phone companies such as Samsung, Nokia, Iphone, Sony and somemore. As comparison done, they will take the phone with suitable price which equivalent to the quality of the phone. For example, the consumers will think about the features of the phone and look at the price. When the consumers are the office workers, they will prefer Samsung Galaxy Note II because the screen is greatheartedger and there is a pen used to write things on th e phone which makes the phone act like a note book. The second advantage for the consumer is the consumers can expenrience new phone with different features.Because of strong competitors between these companies, the companies have to design new phone with the features that can attract consumers to buy it. This can make the consumers have many choices of phones which have different features. However, the disadvantage of consumers buying the product under oligopoly market structure is the firm is a price maker which means the companies can determine the product by themselves. This can harm the consumers because as the company is a price maker, the company can set higher price to earn more profit. But this can make the consumers have to pay higher price.Besides, the disadvantage for consumers is the differentiated products. The consumers have to choose which one phone is better. Sometimes, it will be confusing when chosing the phone with different brand, different quality and different price. At this time, they have to think deeply before purchasing a phone because one phone is very costly. Part 4 In conclusion, the assignment is very useful to us. we find out that Samsung Company is operated under oligopoly market structure. Byung-Chull Lee has set up the Samsung Company with small business and takes over by Kun-Hee Lee after Byung-Chull Lee has passed away.The business start to expand globally at the end of 20th century. This can show that Samsung Company is slowly developed and required a large financial requirement. at a lower place Samsung Company, it sell different types of products such as refrigerator, washing machine, air conditioner, vacuum cleaner and others. But in this assignment, we only focus on the Samsung mobile phone. In mobile phone market, there are only a few sellers such as Samsung, HTC, Apple, Nokia and Sony who control most of the market. Samsung Company is selling differentiated products which mean the phones have different in term of pr ice, features, design, and quality.This can let consumers have different choices of chosing a phone. Samsung Company is a price maker which means the company can determine the price of the phones by themselves. Under oligopoly market structure, there is high barriers to entry for new entrants because the start-up cost requires large money to set up the company. Samsung Company also do a lot of advertisment when a new phone is launched through television, radio, internet, newspaper and the banners along the road. In my observation Based on the research done on this assignment, we find out that the concept of oligopoly can apply on he realisticistic life. The characteristic of a firm under oligopoly is shown as above and is applied in real life. Besides, we have come out an assumption about the price changes and the demand. If the price of the product increases, the quantity demanded for the product would decrease. Using the logical thinking of a consumer, people would definitely buy more of a certain product if the prices were lower. Besides that, according to the law of change magnitude marginal utility, buyers would receive less satisfaction when they buy more units of a product.Hence, consumers would only buy if the prices were lowered. Another reason is because when the price increases, the buying power of consumers would decrease as they are unable to buy as many at higher prices as at lower prices. This is basically known as the income effect of a price change. Besides that, if the price of the product increases, consumers could choose and buy other substitutes available in the market. Hence, the quantity demanded would also fall. This is known as the central effect. As for the supply, if the price of the product increases, the greater the quantity supplied.This is because the higher prices are an incentive for the producers to produce more of a good in the form of profits. My observational findings in this research does not fulfilled my expectations regarding economics. This is becauset the concept of price decrease and demand will increase will not very appliable in real life because there are many factors to influence the decision of consumers to buy a new phone which are brand, quality, the features, the income of the buyers, and the promotion such as drop out gifts and free vouchers.Better quality of phone even though with higher price, the demand of the phone still increase. Phone with many features will cost higher price. If we intend to establish a company, we will chose to enter oligopoly market. This is because the market is only a few sellers but many buyers. With the characteristic of a few sellers and many buyers, we can control most of the market and earn profit in the long run. Our company also sells differentiated products like phones which can give consumers a lot of choices to choose the phone which suit them.Our company also needs to advertise our products to stimulate the awareness of the consumers through t elevision, radio, internet, newspaper and banners along the road. Even though oligopoly market structure has the characteristic of high barriers to entry for new entrants, we can start from a small company and slowly become a big company like Samsung Company or we can team with other people to set up one big company and divide the profit equally.Reference Oligopoly. (n.d.). InWikipedia, the free encyclopedia. RetrievedMarch12, 2013, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligopoly About SAMSUNG SAMSUNG. (n.d.).Samsung US TVs Tablets Smartphones Cameras Laptops Refrigerators. Retrieved from http//www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/Advantages and Disadvantages of Oligopoly. (n.d.).Buzzle. Retrieved from http//www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-oligopoly.htmlHistory Of Samsung. (n.d.).Samsung Mobile Home. Retrieved from http//www.samsung-mobiles.net/history-of-samsung.htmlHome Page. (n.d.).University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved from http//www.unc.edu/depts/econ/byrns_web/Economicae/oligopoly.htmlMicroeconomics The Change in Market Structure in the Mobile Phone Market. (n.d.).Microeconomics. Retrieved from http//tbs2015microeconomics.blogspot.com/2012/10/the-chang-in-market-structure-in-mobile.htmlOligopoly. (n.d.).Economics Online Home. Retrieved from http//www.economicsonline.co.uk/Business_economics/Oligopoly.html Samsung Galaxy Note 2 Review gizmo Review. (n.d.).Gadget Review Your lifestyle gadget siteGadget Review Your lifestyle gadget site. Retrieved from http//www.gadgetreview.com/2012/12/samsung-galaxy-note-2-review.htmlSamsung Galaxy Note II N7100 Full phone specifications. (n.d.).GSMArena.com GSM phone reviews, news, opinions, votes, manuals and more Retrieved from http//www.gsmarena.com/samsung_galaxy_note_ii_n7100-4854.phpSamsung GALAXY Note2- Samsung Mobile. (n.d.).Samsung US TVs Tablets Smartphones Cameras Laptops Refrigerators. Retrieved from http//www.s amsung.com/global/microsite/galaxynote/note2/index.html?type=findSamsung. (n.d.). InWikipedia, the free encyclopedia. RetrievedMarch12, 2013, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SamsungAppendices-The items inside the box after bought Samsung Galaxy Note II

Are women better rulers than men? Essay

This argument on the question are women better rulers than men? Will reduce on the example of Elizabeth I compared to the average of male rulers.It mostly depends which era you live in, in modern times it would really not make ofttimes of a difference as both genders are considered equal. But in the Tudor era, looking at it from the present, a feminine would definitely have had the fastness hand, but from the common perspective of people in the Tudor times a female would have been considered lower, for a number of reasons, the main one being, female rulers were supposed to have a husband to make the decisions for them, while the queen got on producing a male heir. Because it was lady-like in those times. The definition for lady-like then was to be quiet, mould in a corner be submissive to males and not be able to do any thing for themselves.That really did challenge Elizabeth in the hold up as her parliament kept pestering her toThere were a number of traits that Elizabeth also had that made her more successful than others. One of them was she was fluent in 6 languages her internal English, french, Italian, Spanish, Greek, and Latin. Later she came to terms with a bit of german. They became very useful to her in foreign plolitical situations such as when shemade an alliance with France. The St Bartholomews Day Massacre, in which thousands of French Protestants (Huguenots) were killed, strained the alliance but did not break it. Elizabeth even began marriage negotiations with Henry, Duke of Anjou , and afterwards with his younger brother Franois, Duke of Anjou and Alenon.Another was that she was a just ruler and upheld the law, when she wanted, she could be ruthless (such as when the earl of essex p striated to overthrow her she had him executed immediately)but at times she can be merciful (like when she captured her half sister mary she kept transferring her from suffer to keep for 18 years until she ordered her execution. Although well-nigh say this was because she was waiting for enough evidence to execute her if she executed her too early a lot of people would view her as a martyr).She was also very brave at the beginning of the sapnish armada, when she was 55, she deleivered a speech to her men on horseback eating away light armour, with no guard or royal escort, only her pages. (some saw this as foolery)She was also trained partially in fencing, as part of her fitness. Women didnt ordinarily participate in any physical activity.she could also be very rude to noblemenShe also never unify and is commonly called the virgin queen (there is some speculation about this) many say that not marrying was the key to her success, it meant that she had no loyalties to anyone but the people of england, but she did have the loyalties of many men who she kept romance with letting them think they were all in with a chance of marrying her and so did almost everything she asked.This prove she was a talented manipulater. It is also said th at she never married because she was mentally scarred from the treatment of her fathers wives and how he had beheaded hers and feared that the same might happen to her. Others say that she never married because she was deeply passionate about Robert Dudley and she could not marry him for a number of reasons cheifly because he was extremly unpopular with the parliament because his family was a long line of rogue nobles.Over all I think that elizabeth proved that women are very much better rulers than men as there is no other monarchs time of reign that was called THE GOLDEN AGE1.Bibliographyhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England

JSBMHA and HIPPA case study Essay

There are many faults in this scenario that I read about with Jim and Betty. First of all, when you are dealing with mint who are in a counseling or any shell of therapeutic setting, you contribute to be able to handle this situation with privacy and unceasingly try to treat your client with respect and never discuss them outside of the clinical setting.The HIPAA laws are to protect the patients rights so that they cannot be given up just out to anybody. The only people that can have access to the medical files would be someone that is involved in the care of or necessitate to have access to them for anyone that is billing, or the insurance company that is paying for the services that the client is receiving.What areas of the JSBMHA did HIPAA compliance impact, When Jim and Betty were working for that company, they had unfortunately talked about specific clients and some relatives of the clients had hear the conversation and also their relatives names. They had immediately gon e to the company and talked with their supervisor so he could deal with the employees that had broken the privacy laws. JSBMHA, is an certified agency that works with clients that have psychological, mental, and addictions for drugs. THE clients need to be able to feel safe, knowing that their conversations are not talked about elsewhere, unless it is related to their recovery.What Jim and Betty did at the cafeteria is inexcusable. You never know who is going to be perceive in on your conversation when you are in a public place. If the wrong people hear what is being said, you never know what the ramifications could be. If a womanhood is at a domestic violence shelter and you are talking about what she went through with her ex-boyfriend , not knowing the whole time that the ex is in the booth right behind you. Right there you have just clothe that women in a dangerous position. Without thinking you have just put that womans life in jeopardy.3I believe that because of their action s that JSBMHA should suspend both of them for at LEAST two weeks without pay. I believe with that type of punishment, maybe both of them will really think about what they did and why it was inappropriate. Maybe they should even write a paper on how their actions were wrong and also be able to see how theyre gossiping put that woman in jeopardy. They need to really understand how their actions can affect other people.

El Salvador A Country Report Essay

IntroductionEl Salvador or the Savior as the name can be translated is a very unexpectedly uncomparable terra firma. El Salvador is a country of m any great geographical sites, a strange history, a blackened economic state, and an incredible agricultural base. The country has underg hotshot umpteen diversenesss throughout its history. It was developed, owned, and operated by many different deal and forms of government. This ? reduce of volcanoes? or ?the Savior? has been needed saving of its own for quite some time.2.0 Geography The sobriquet for this environmentally hazardous country, ?land of volcanoes? serves El Salvador properly. El Salvador is the smallest of all Central American countries having a land area of sole(prenominal) 21,041 sq. km (ecst.c much(prenominal)(prenominal)ico.edu). The country is alike the merely in Central America not to occupy more than than one sea border, being only order on the Pacific Ocean. El Salvador is contained not only by the Pacific Ocean, but similarly by the two neighbor countries of Honduras and Guatemala. El Salvador is cognise more for it?s two stilt ranges both running east to west. The northern most range known as Sierra Madre that draws the border between El Salvador and Honduras. The southern range is a formation of many continuous volcanoes both active and silent. These volcanoes supply El Salvador with its rich soil making it possible for the great exportation of coffee.Climate reassign in El Salvador occurs more due to elevation variations than by seasonal change. During a calendar year Salvadorians can expect only a four-degree Celsius change due to seasons. The greater change in temperature occurs due to the different elevations. The two mountain ranges help very the climate and land usage of the country. El Salvador consists of a narrow coastal plain, two steep mountain ranges and a central plateau, which is at 600m above sea level. This plateau is only 25% of the landmass in El Salvador howe ver, it contains the majority of the countries universe of discourse. Due to over exploitation the country has become semi-barren, and slight of the land is of use.El Salvador is a very geographical diverse country. It possesses the comparable geographical features of the U.S., but all in the same land area as RhodeIsland. The country has become very over populated and has begun to exhaust its resources.3.0 pre-Columbian CulturesBefore Spain sent men to explore and claim the countries of Central America native pot occupied the land. These hatful where known as the Pipil. However, it is believed, due to archaeologic assessments that even before the Pipil natives of Central America known as the Mayas and Olmec occupied the land. The Mayas and Olmecs were believed to occupy the land until the 11th Century when the Pipil appeared follo elongation the collapse of the Mayan empire.The Pipil people were of a very strong and fierce origin. They were very good farmers and lived mostly on Maize. The Pipil had many small urban centers and a very integrated linked society. The Pipil people lived in their land for over 500 years. After that time Spain was introduced to their country and soon their freedom was lost.4.0 ConquestSpain had come to Central America seeking wealth, and any landmass that could have that quality they would conquer and claim for the crown. Pedro de Alvarado a conquistador and Lieutenant under Hernan Cortes entered El Salvador in 1524 to conquer the land. However, due to the fierceness of the Pipil people Spain had to recall in 1525 and a infer in 1528 to finally lay claim to the country.Spain found little wealth in the substance of gold and other valuable metals in El Salvador however, they learned how great a benefit the rich soil of the volcanic country could be to agriculture. Spain soon subsequently their conquest enslaved the Pipil people and pressure them into an encomienda system of farming. The encomienda system soon lost favor wit h the crown and was replaced with re tell a break iniemento. Spain developed the country with this system and produced a great deal of wealth during the 17th speed of light in agriculture.5.0 AgricultureAgriculture is the foundation that El Salvador has been built upon throughout its entire history. Whether it was the Pipil people utilizing the rich soil or Spain coercive the land lots wealth wasobtained in the country.5.01 IndigenousThe Pipil people lived as farmers and hunters in the country before any intruders appeared. They sustained their lives on crops such as maize, bananas, and other equatorial foods. They traded these crops among one another and were able to be self-sufficient for many years. After the entrance of Spain to the country the natives were force to work as slaves for the betterment of others. Spain introduced products such as coffee, cotton, and indigo to El Salvador. They found that the rich soil could produce coffee greater than any other country they had conquered prior to El Salvador. During the 17th nose candy agriculture boomed in El Salvador, gluttony fil conduct Spain with the wealth from coffee and thus began the downfall of the Salvadorian rescue.5.02 PresentEl Salvador produced many types of crops throughout its history such as henequen and cotton, but the country always centered itself on coffee production. Today, El Salvador produces far more coffee than any other crop in the country. Amid the 20th century, 95% of the countries income came from the exportation of coffee. This income was distributed over only 14 families (roughly 2% of universe of discourse) whose influence has been seen over the countries history (Class Handout). In this way El Salvador takes on many similar traits of other Central American countries.6.0 IndependenceSpain occupied the country for nearly 300 years throughout which they enslaved and persecuted the native people of El Salvador. take down control was only a dream in the eyes of the former owners. The influence of the Roman Catholic Church soon brought hopes of a revolution to the Indian people of El Salvador. In 1811 Father Jose Matias Delgado, a catholic priest led a revolt against Spain however, with the great power of the crown against them it did not evidence successful.Meanwhile in Spain, Napoleon led an invasion into the country reverting attention away from Central America and allowing El Salvador to eventually gain a limited amount of independence in 1821. Even though independence was given to the Salvadorian during this time, people land control stillremained in the hands of few. This led to an Indian rebellion in 1833 brought about by a mestizo, Anastasio Aquino. Eventually in 1841, El Salvador found its independence by the introduction of the Central American Fede ration. This was an alliance against Spain of neighboring Central American countries seeking their independence. Thus began the history of El Salvador, which led to many civil contends, confli cts, and disputes among other countries and itself.7.0 Economics in El SalvadorEl Salvador has seen many changes throughout its history, both politically and economically. El Salvador has followed the majority of Central American countries by making itself a dependent on one or two exportable goods. The country has also faced many conflicts in politics and environmental hazards. El Salvador?s economy has inevitably been doom for the worse by the countries governing order.7.01 ColonialBefore the invasion of the conquistadors into the country the Pipil lived a pleasant and peaceful life of trade. The Pipil obtained many small urban centers in which trade among them proved successful. They did not have a monetary unit but rather bartered for what they desired. They lived a self-sufficient life only producing their needs. The Pipil people whitethorn have evolved and become a worthy heritage in the world if they had not been conquered by the conquistadors of Spain.7.02 Early (1820-1920) Soon El Salvador and the rich soil of the land were under Spanish control. Spain found great profit in the enrichment of the land. Coffee, indigo, and cotton yielded greater than they had seen prior to conquest. Spain felt that this was equal to the gold and other values found in the countries surrounding El Salvador. During the 17th century the agriculture of El Salvador was of great wealth, and Spain indulged upon it. The Spaniards developed many haciendas to expand their crops this involved many Indian people to subdue to the work needed. The first evidence of primate cities developed during this time. This would sooner lead to an unexpected need for imported goods and a profound lack of self-efficiency.7.03 middle (1920-1980)During and after El Salvador?s independence the countryfound itself depending console upon the growth of the coffee crop. 95% of the countries exports depended upon coffee, but still only 2% of the population controlled the wealth (Lonely Planet). The Salva dorians exhausted themselves upon focusing on this item and developed no other means of exportation. Amid the first and second world wars Central America was delinquent by the rest of the world and forced to find a way to survive among themselves. This brought upon industrialization to the forgotten world, and El Salvador attempted to follow the plan. The country produced only the essential items for survival, and chose rather to fight civilly for control of the country.El Salvador faced many disputes during this time, and many forms of leadership. Democracies, civil wars, peasant uprisings, and Military Coups were among the problems that the country faced. It was only during the by and by years of the countries history that true leadership was developed, and a greater economic scheme was gained.7.04 1980-PresentPrimate cities have know become a large part of Salvadorian economy. These few and large cities have been growing without any means of renewal. The country finds itself no w separated by wealth and poverty. The fourteen families mentioned before were still controlling the majority of the coffee production and with no found wealth in industrialization El Salvador was growing in debt.The national debt of El Salvador has only braggy over the countries history. This is from the foreign aid supplied to the country to help with recovery of natural disasters, and in the form of war machine aid. Due to El Salvador?s placement in the world it has been faced by many environmental hazards. Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides due to extreme rainfall give threat to this debt. Also in 1998 El Salvador drop off victim to hurricane Mitch. Mitch destroyed not only many of the profitable livestock and agricultural farms of Central America, but also devastated many lives of the people living in its path. El Salvador lost 95% of its banana crop and one third of the countries beef cattle industry (Class Handout). This crushed the already terrible state of the Salvadorian economy and only added to theincreasing national debt.Some current facts in the economic stability of El Salvador can be seen in the following. The currency of the country is known as the collone. Eleven collones is roughly equivalent to one U.S. dollar. The exportation of goods to the U.S. each year equals $732 million. Where as the importation of goods from the U.S. each year equals $1.789 billion dollars. The GDP of El Salvador is $5.9 billion U.S. each year. This is only $1,003 U.S. per capita. The growth rate of the GDP is currently at 5.0%, and has been continuously increasing. However, even with the GDP on an upswing for El Salvador the debt to the U.S. has also change magnitude to $2.1 billion U.S (cia.gov). These numbers show that with El Salvador?s population, and the amount of GDP to the country that few people have great wealth and even more are in poverty.8.0 PopulationEl Salvador is a very densely populated country. The majority of the people in El Sal vador live in only 25% of the total land mass known as the central plateau. The total population is over 6.2 million with a growth rate of 2.3% (Cia.gov). This population will be doubled in 30 years. Due to the growth rate percent the country is caught between the second and third categories in the demographic chart, but primarily they still are evolving in the second. With this great a number of people in such a small area poverty is unavoidable.8.01 UrbanizationUrbanization has not been a large issue with El Salvador. Although some of their large primate cities carry a large percent of the population, such as San Salvador the capital that holds 1.5 million people, many people chose to stay in rural areas. The ratio of the urban population to rural population is 32. This ratio could be explained due to the need for agricultural revenue, and the need for people to create that revenue. With the extent of the over population of El Salvador many people have been forced to find other me ans of income and a safer home.8.02 MigrationOver population and greed have created poverty in El Salvador and a need for new revenue. This is wherefore much of the income from the countryconsists of wages paid from the United States to migrant workers fleeing from El Salvador. $1.3 billion U.S. was sent to families of these seasonal migrant workers in El Salvador. This allows those living in El Salvador to find a little hope in their country and a means of better living.During, much of the time of the civil wars and poverty states of El Salvador many of the countries people began to migrate to Honduras. This appeared to be allowed at first until a wide spread amount of migration occurred. The great amount of people fleeing to Honduras soon became a problem and great tension rose between the two neighboring countries. This accounted for the great soccer riot in 1969 brought upon through allegations that were made about mistreatment of Salvadorian people by the Honduras population.9 .0 U.S. InterventionThe United States has always been concerned with the matters of other countries, particularly by the form of the government. When it became obvious that El Salvador may fall into left wing ideals to help with the poverty level in the country the U.S. reacted. It was during the Carter administration that this occurred and Jimmy?s solution was to fund right-wing guerillas in the country. These guerillas were know as the FMLN (Frente Marti Liberacion Nacional) named after an executed leader who brought reforms to the country and a democracy in the early to mid 20th century. Carter soon withdrew his funding after hearing of misuse of the military power by the FMLN.The FMLN became mongers and began to hurt innocent people and become closer in comparison to their socialist enemy. With a suspension of the funding the country send away back into turmoil and was once again caught in left-wing ideals. It was during the Reagan administration that the funding returned with close watch. Soon the guerillas were able to gain control, and force what was to be marked the first time in 50 years that a democratically elected president was named. This man was Alfredo Magana, and he brought some control and leadership to this war shaken country (Encyc. Of Latin-American Hist.).The U.S. has also been involved with El Salvador in other ways. The U.S. is the number one importer of Salvadorian goods mainly coffee. Also due to the great forlornness in the country by natural disasters the U.S. has givenforeign aid to help rebuild the economy and lives of the people. If El Salvador can maintain this dealingship with the U.S. the countries in store(predicate) is bound to look better than it?s past.10.0 GlobalizationThe world is a growing economical structure that every country wants to be a part of, and with growing concern about each countries role a hope for globalization can be seen. El Salvador is attempting to do its part in fair a companion with globalizatio n, during the end of the 20th century the maquiladora system was approached by El Salvador. These small manufacturing companies account for a major part of the countries GDP. These companies are also followed by new trade reforms with other neighboring countries. Trade with U.S. has only improved over the last few years. If El Salvador keeps improving on the relations with its neighboring countries then it may be a substantial part of the world economy.11.0 Other Facts and ConclusionIn conclusion, here are some other known facts about the country of El Salvador. In January of 2001 El Salvador faced a devastating earthquake. The quake caused 250,000 Salvadorians to become homeless, and also severely eroded the grace (Lonely Planet.com). Some of the native animals of the country consist of many butterflies, deer, toucans, and monkeys. The adult literacy of the country is at 73% and growing (memory.loc.gov). 86% of the country follows the Roman Catholic religion. The pagan background of the country is mainly mestizo, which is a mixture of Indian, white, and black (Latin America). Some of the favorite foods consist of casamiento (rice and beans) and pupusas, which is a stuffed wrap.El Salvador is a very unique country that wishes to find its niche in the world. Through much turmoil and disputes the country has for now maintained a solid government. With the continuation of good soil and less erosion the agricultural state of the country will continue to prosper. However, with increasing population the country suffers a loss in GDP, and will only gain a profitable state with better living, less poverty, and other means of income. El Salvador ?the Savior? a country whose history speaks for itself will need outdoor(a) aid for some years to come.Selected Illustrations El Salvador?s Flag The Country of El Salvador Henequin also a Salvadorian Crop Example of El Salvador?s Terran San Salvador the capital letter of El Salvador

A View from the Bridge †Plot Summary Essay

The main character in the story is Eddie Carbone, an Italian American longshoreman, who lives with his wife, Beatrice and his orphaned niece, Catherine. They live in an insular, self-ruled neighborhood know as a polis. As the play begins, Eddie is protective and kind toward Catherine, although his feelings grow into something more than avuncular as the play develops. His attachment to her is brought into perspective by the arrival from Italy of Beatrices deuce cousins, Marco and Rodolpho. They have entered the country il limbally, hoping to leave behind hunger and unemployment for a better life in America. Whereas Marco is a physically strong man with a famishment family back home, charming Rodolpho is young, good-looking, blonde, and single, and he sings and dances Catherine instantly falls for him.After three weeks, the pair have been dating, and Eddie sets ab unwrap pointing out all of Rodolphos flaws to Catherine and Beatrice. He persistently complains that Rodolpho is not right , referring to Rodolphos effeminate qualities, such as sewing, cooking and singing. He is embarrassed by Rodolphos reputation for singing during work.When Catherine decides to marry Rodolpho, Eddie becomes desperate and begs his lawyer, Alfieri (who is similarly the narrator), to help him. However, he is told that the only way the law is able to help him is if he informs the immigration Bureau of the presence of the two illegal immigrants. Due to his prior assertion that its an honor to give the men refuge, he refuses to betray them. At home he continues to passively insult Rodolpho, and ends up getting Rodolpho to compete in a boxing match. In retaliation, Marco challenges Eddie to lift a chair from the bottom of its leg, when Eddie fails to do this, Marco picks up the chair with one hand from the bottom of its leg and lifts it above his head. This demonstates Marcos superior strength, mentally and physically to Eddie.In the second Act, Eddie catches Rodolpho making love to Cat herine, he sees Alfieri a second time. Eddie ignores his lawyers advice to allow events run their course, and calls the Immigration Bureau. This betrayal proves disastrous he comes back to learn that Catherine and Rodolpho are engaged, and Beatrice informs him two more illegal immigrants have moved into the upstairs apartment. When the Immigration Officers arrive and arrest the four immigrants, Marco spits in Eddies face in front of a street full of people. His betrayal of the two men causes Eddie to recur the respect of his neighbors, friends, and his family.Rodolpho is allowed to stay in the country due to his marriage, but Marco faces imminent deportation. Reluctantly, he promises Alfieri not to take revenge on Eddie (as is the Sicilian custom) and is let out on bail. In the final scene of the play, Eddie is shown to be furious with his humiliation and refuses to attend the wedding. He rejects Rodolphos offer to reconcile and refuses to get out of the abode when he learns Marc o is arriving.The play ends with a fight between Eddie and Marco, in a street filled with his friends and family. Eddie brandishes a knife and attacks Marco, who turns the blade onto Eddie, killing him. It is not known whether Marco actually intended to stab Eddie, and his reaction is not described. Eddie dies as the curtain falls, calling out to Beatrice.

Concept of Demolition Man Essay

* The Hollywood film represents the danger of globalization and cultural and environmental homogeneity, standardization and sanitation. * Friedman argues that because globalization is creating a single marketplace, it is homogenizing consumption and culture and can run the risk of wiping out ecological and cultural mixture throughout the world. In the Cold War system, cultures didnt interact as frequently or straight off as they do today, where they atomic number 18 often offered up for global competition and comparison against one another. motley in Globalization* Friedman argues that because globalization is often associated with Americanization, countries need to develop strong cultural and environmental stresss so they can interact with but not be overwhelmed and swallowed by the herd. He suggests the most important filter is the ability to glocalize, meaning a cultures ability to quarter natural influences into their culture so far reject those that be aliento assimilate aspects of globalization into your culture in a way that adds smorgasbord without overwhelming. * Globalization will be sustainable as long as we manage these filters in a way that protects our culture while simultaneously getting the best out of others cultures. Methods for Greening Globalization* remember the environmental entrepreneurs term coined by Keith Algers for an organization meant to stop the logging activities in the rainforest in brazil-nut tree while formulating a plan to avoid unemployment among these loggers. Looking at the bigger picture, it implies finding solution to the growing problems of compromise in the industrialized society that environmental protection and economic development can coexist together. * Environmentally Sound Production Methods Corporations and shareholders should be pressured by the political science to adapt new environmental policies. The government hitting companies over the head with both new regulations and new tax incentives to be green, and with SFC telling companies they shit to start accurately portraying their environmental liabilities to shareholderssuch as where they are being sued for dumping and what the cleanup up costthere has been a paradigm shift. * Learning how to use globalization itself. Where globalization is an addition is in the fact that it is creating Super-empowered environmentalist, who are acting on their own, can now fight concealment rather effectively against both the Electronic Herd and governments. Thanks to the Internet, environmentalists in one country are quickly relaying how a multinational behaves in their country to environmentalists in other countries.Preventing cultural homogeneity* GlocalizationHhlksalklksdsladklsadkalsdthe ability of a culture, when it encounters another strong cultures, to absorb influences that naturally fit into and can enrich that culture, to remain firm those things that are alien and to compartmentalize those things that, while different, can ne vertheless be enjoyed and celebrated as different. * Unhelathy Glocalizationwhen you absorb something that isnt part of your culture, doesnt connect with anything latent in your culture, but you have so doomed touch with your culture, you think it does. * Glocalism alone is not sufficient to protect indigenous cultures from globalization. Some hard filters are also needed. To begin with you need zoning laws, protected area laws and educational programs to preserve unique regions and a cultural heritage from insidious homogenous development.

A play which explores the effect of relationships Essay

working class Choose a play which explores family kinds in a family/community. What strengths and/or weaknesses ar appargonnt in these relationships and what is the overall effect on the family/community. A play which explores the effect of relationships in a family and community is Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. The relationship between Romeo and Juliet, themselves, is key to the play and this relationship also embodies the family bitterness discussed in the play. Shakespeare conveys the be beddrs relationship as unmatchable built upon utter trust and devotion.Yet it is ill-fated due to the ancient brawl between their families, the Montagues and the Capulets. The family musical score h elderlys great importance and affects the lives of every citizen in the town of Verona. In the beginning of the play we are introduced to twain the lovers. Romeo is portrayed as a depressed and melancholic person as the girl he loves does not love him back and Juliet as a girl wh o is unwilling to be married to a wooer of her parents choice. Romeo is in love with a Capulet girl called Rosaline and in order to see her he goes, uninvited, to a Capulet ball.He catches plenitude of Juliet at the ball and immediately falls in love with her. more than to his disappointment he finds out she is a Capulet Is she a Capulet? O dear account My life is my enemys debt. Although Romeo has fallen in love with Juliet he knows it is not that simple in Verona. He realises that because they are from rival families their relationship would never be permitted. From the very beginning their relationships is said to be star-crossd as their families have been mortal enemies. There is a major difference shown between Romeos love for Rosaline and his love for Juliet.When he is in love with Rosaline, Romeo is depressed. But, when he sees Juliet, it is a whole different story. He suddenly experiences accepted love as he had never felt with Rosaline. From the moment Romeo first see s Juliet their bond is very intense. When describing the love between Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare often uses poetic and romantic language O she doth teach the torches to burn bright Romeo compares Juliet to a candles light and says that she is incredibly beautiful. Shakespeares use of this love at first sight scenario emphasises that the young lovers have and instant and deep connection.This emphasises the strength of their devotion to each other(a). In the balcony scene, although Romeo and Juliet have all known each other for a short while, their love is very intense. Shakespeare uses various images to convey this devil of the fairest stars do entreat her eyes Juliets eyes are being compared to twinkling stars which shows how much Romeo loves her. Romeo believes Juliet to be the most beautiful woman he has ever seen and this image conveys this. This symbolises their strong love for each other. by and by on we see that Romeo is overcome by his love for Juliet and he even risk s his life to see her.When a fight starts to form in the street Romeo makes it clear(p) that he is not interested in battle Tybalt, the reason I have to love thee Doth much excuse the appertaining rage Even though the vagary of being loyal to your own family is prominent throughout the play, Romeo is willing to forget the family feud and love his enemies for Juliets sake. This is important as is shows their commitment to each other. They are two willing to forget a centuries old family feud that shapes their whole life in order to be committed to each other and this is clearly a strength.Even when Juliet finds out that Romeo has killed her cousin, although she is upset and distraught, she is willing to forgive him as her devotion to him is so strong. other aspect which shapes Romeo and Juliets relationship is the feud. The feud is the main weakness throughout the play and it has great violation on the community in Verona. When a fight breaks out in the street it is clear wher e the citizens loyalties are The quarrel is between our masters and us their men In Verona, everyone is forced to take sides even the employees.It is clear from this why Romeo and Juliets relationship would be a problem as the feud has such a strong grip on society that there is no way of them being together other than in secret. Another scene in which the power of the feud comes through is when everyone is discussing what must be the solution of Romeos actions Romeo slew Tybalt. Romeo must not live Lady Capulets harsh words are conveying how the feud makes everyone stand their ground and the idea of forgive and forget is not even considered.The feud is the reason for Romeo and Juliets poor relationship as their families are so hostile towards each other. The feud causes the division in their community and the separation of the two families. In the end, it is only after the death of both Romeo and Juliet, a huge sacrifice, that their families reconcile and agree to live in peace. R omeo and Juliets relationship is one that is muscular yet it is always plagued by the feud of their families. Shakespeares use of imagery and symbolism to convey their relationship is highly powerful and only intensifies the bond between them.

Devil wear prada essays Essay

Devil fatigues Prada was presented in 2006, based on the Lauren Weisbergers myth of the same name. This is the story close to a fille named Andrea Sachs who want to be a real diary keeper. For her wish, she opted to scram an economic aid of Miranda, a tough editor-in-chief of Runway musical mode mag. From there, she had to overcome all the challenges and the lure of the luxury flavour which ar brought by this job. Particularly, the film as well as mentioned impressively the organisational finish theory of Runway fashion magazine company. II. Aspect of culture in Runway fashion magazine company via Devil wears Prada. 1. The basic, vestigial assumptionsAs the film sh suffer, all decisions are made by Miranda, the editor-in-chief. Additionally, the employees even cannot make mistakes. Their ideas are similarly considered strictly by Miranda. About the kind of people employed, the knowledge of the employees must be broad(prenominal) in fashion. Moreover, they get chthon ian ones skin to be passionate in fashion One significant thing of this organization is that when the employees do something right, they wont be promoted or complimented. However, when they make mistakes, they can be scolded or even dismissed. 2. unconcealed beliefNigel, the art director of Runway tell This is a place which product many polished artists of the century. All their works, their creation is greater than the art because they lived for that or the position as Mirandas assistances is called A trillion girls would kill for. Anyone who work for this position for one year can apply for any newspaper sanction in New York. All the above reasons prove that Runway fashion magazine company has a strong organizational culture thanks to legendary figures such as Miranda, De La Renta, etc. 3. patent artefactRunway is a fashion magazine. ThereforeThe office design and furniture are modern. The pictures and photos about Runway are presented in all over the walls in the company. T he employees pay back to be fashionable in particular the female ones are slim and pretty. All of them worship the Runway magazine. 4. SymbolsThe flesh of the leader is also the image of the company, it is Miranda. She are known as a tough and evil boss. Andrea, her assistance becomes something like a ad hominem servant. The employees are scare of her but also respect her. Its product, the magazine, became a clear symbol in the fashion industry. 5. Rules, norms, ethical codes and valuesMiranda is the fearsome boss. The most important one is to never ask her anything. All the employees have to abide by her decisions, including Nigel, the art direct. Moreover, the employees must understand the company culture to make a shell choices and success. 6. Ritual, rites, ceremonies and celebrationsObviously, the morning-routine can be clearly observed at Runway in Mirandas office. Everything is prepared in a fashionable way before her arrival. When she arrives, people avoid her by anyway a girl gets out of the lift for her and apologize, people in the corridor turn back the way they came from, etc. Working under Mirandas supervision require certain rituals. When Andy goes to deliver the book to Mirandas house, Emily informs her about the strict book-ritual. III. Types of culture1. Power cultureThe organization is controlled by central figures the editor-in-chief, Miranda. She is the most powerful and famous one in company. Then, all important decisions are made by her. Likewise, she has the influence on the decisions of the employee. For instance, in the meeting with lovely art teamwork, she is the only one who can choose the suitable ideas for the new collection and almost of them are denied but no one dare to oppose her opinions. Change or innovation is crucial in the fashion industry. Runway uses teamwork in order to get new fresh ideas. Miranda lets her team make suggestions to give a new outfit for Runway-cover.The balance in Runway have a tendency to immix all the ideas instead of making difference, under Mirandas tight control and the strong organizational culture. break down but not least, there are the good relationships between Miranda and her assistance, Andrea or Emily and Andrea. After a sticky working time, Andrea was recognized by Miranda and she can come to the Fashion week in Paris withher boss. Finally, Miranda said to Andrea But I really see a great deal of myself in you.About Emily and Andrea, they have a beautiful friendship Emily always helped Andrea to finish the tasks. At the end of the film, Andrea gave Emily all the clothes which she had wear in Paris. 2. Role cultureA role culture has a highly defined structure, where everybody has its own role. At Runway, people do not seem to have a clearly defined role. Obviously, Miranda was in the highest level in company. She played her role as an editor-in-chief, a design team leader and a human resource manager at the same time. Andrea is not only her assistance but als o her personally servant to buy food or drinks and even do the scientific exercises for her daughters. Particularly, Andrea is so languish that she could expect what the others would think or do. In addition, all main characters in the film have a strong ambition. They can take risk to achieve anything they want.For example Andrea, she applied for the post of Mirandas assistance in one year to have a chance of being a real journalist in New York. There is not much evidence for the stability of Runway fashion magazine company but with the accomplishment which this company have got, it can be seen that the organization had a high stabilization. IV. ConclusionDevil wears Prada demonstrated that Runway fashion magazine company had a strong organizational culture which include sufficiently all the aspect of culture but only two types of culture.

Fashion

She re fleckd the corset with lighter clothing that wasnt so restrictive. Throughout the years dresses unp mooed getting shorter and the backs lower. By 1 925 dresses were the shortest in history an act of the devil, some thought. Many concourse were so outraged that they passed laws in the states of Ohio and Utah that the hem length of ladies g births had to be seven inches from the floor solely these results from come on adults app arntly developmentd young wo manpowers fondness for their short skirts and cosmetics. After completely, what fun is it to rebel if nobody nonices or cargons? But what atomic number 18 some major reasons for this changes in women spirt?The first sensation is that after the state of war women continued to kick the bucket outside their home, so the clothes had to be altered to allow for an ease of coursement. all overly with the lack of men collect to the war, women began erupting more alluring clothing to attract a husband. The check of the 1 9th Amendment similarly played a major role as women soon began come aparting unwarranted pant adapts called pajama conform tos, a count result of the newly relieve one egoed right to vote and the strong cries for further female empowerment. Probably, whizz of the first images that pops into your head when you hear the word 1 sass spirt is the Flapper which is the symbol of he roar twen get hitched withs.It embodied the decades modern dash elements such(prenominal) as short sleek hair, a short unstructured dress, a flat chest, and exposed limbs. Flappers also had a reputation that added to their modal value as good they smoke from long cigargontte holders, applied giftup in public and danced to jazz with reckless aban breakment of propriety. fetch force of this date wore suits, twenty-four hours suits, formal suits, all opposite kinds of suits. Along with their suits, they wore a hat according to their screen in rescript the upper ground level wore top h ats, mid(prenominal)dle class wore a fedora, and the rub d avouching class wore a flat cap or no cap at all.TO omelet their ensemble they wore blacken patent l expelher shoes or saddle shoes. As strong as the chaste suit, flannel, twill, knickerbockers, and sweaters were a more comm tho seen casual erupt among men of all ages, Then around 1925 Oxford bags were introduced to the public, after macrocosm split as a kind of uniform for Oxford University students. This trend grew and grew and before you knew all the young men were conducting them. As the decade progressed, the automobile increasingly became anformer(a) definer of status and societal class in America, some(prenominal) for young mess and their p arnts. Henry Fords Model T, which dominated the U. S. Reek until it went out of return in 1 927, gave middle-class and even lower-middle-class citizens affordable, reliable transportation. The quintessential establishion of Ameri evoke energy and optimism in the 1 s ass was the skyscraper, the great tower that aspired toward heaven and dominated the earth ( kind of, the urban road dashs) below. spirtWhat is mood All About? What is it with stylus? Its something that we all deal with everyday. From birth to old age, the mortalal manner we dress says something close to each and every one of us. Even those preferably a little who say that demeanor doesnt matter to them, comfort seduce to choose what they withstand every day. mood says a lot more or less who we be and how we are senseing. iodine thing that is guaranteed is that sort is forever and a day changing. We are always beingness subjected to new trends everywhere we cipher Magazines, what the stars are wearing, movies and television, and people that we are in contact with on a free-and-easy basis whitethorn do flow what is hot and what is non.A little whapn fact about agency is that after the movie, Men In Black premiered, the sunglass company, Ray Ban, practicall y doubled its sales. Many people bring forth a hand in the sort trends of today, and we wonder who truly does dictate expression trends. Rock Musicians, TV Stars, and Super mock ups are among the trendsetters. In todays ordination, semipolitical figures and royalty, such as Duchess Kate, are among those we watch to see what they are wearing. Princess Diana was also considered a mode icon, what she wore and where she wore it was daily news.Even hundreds of years ago women would pour over elan magazines for insight into the clothes that were trending at that time. King Louis cardinal was a well known modal value connoisseur. His tastes ran toward the extreme from velvets and rich brocades, to hand come to laces The kind of clothes you wear reveal a lot about a person. Some generation it reveals the group you are in. For instance in high school these groups have names like Goth, skaters, popular, and the outsiders. This is a stereotype, but it happens in high schools all over the coun discip origin.If you were to look at a person you strength be able to tell what his vocation as by the way he dressed. For instance, a person wearing a suit and tie index be a businessman, a person dressed all in clear might be a painter, or a person with grungy clothes, piercing and tattoos might be a Goth or a pithead. The way we look at a person because of the way they might dress may influence whether we accept or reject them. This is part of the way society is today. The wherefore and How The hammer persistence is a huge and booming business. there are millions of people involved in different conniptions of the business, from subverting and interchange to production. Everyday millions of people innovation, produce, and transport clothing to stores all over the world. Advertising is a key element when it comes to dictating what is hot and what is not. We see ads for clothing everywhere. The ads are in magazines and newspapers, on television, billboards and e ven on buses It is next to impossible to predict what is going to be in spirt at any one time. No one can say exactly why the mini skirt and high boots worn in the asss became so popular, or how blue Scares became so popular is the U. S.Even the hip-hop style that originated n the Bronx made it to the Haute Couture big elbow room shows of London and Rome Fashion is a fickle thing and is the product of people wanting to look good and also conform to what is considered the norm in todays society. Noted International Fashion Editor, Cynthia Durian defines individual(prenominal) manner as a state of heading, a spirit, an extension of ones self. I think that puts it into spot. The plume oft pro phone calls the man. -Shakespeare, Hamlet Many thanks to Courtney and to Cody McKee, who again was my revision buddy. They two made very laboursaving suggestions that allowed me to write a better essay.FashionThe changing propellings of the port intentness have strained deal outers to desire low cost and flexibility in design, quality, and speed to market, key strategies to maintain a lucrative sit in the increasingly demanding market. This article reviews the literature on changes that have happened in the trend enclothe effort since the sass, highlighting the emergence of a concept of throw off or devalued fashion. It renders solid(a) fashion from a supplier as well as a consumers perspective, and draws attention to several potential investigate issues.Keywords fast fashion supplier consumer alert response fashion season The fashion enclothe manufacture has importantly evolved, circumstancely over the last 20 years, when the boundaries of the industriousness started to expand (Decline and Minima 999). The changing dynamics of the fashion manufacturing since then, such as the fading of mass production, increase in number of fashion seasons, and special structural characteristics in the fork out chain have squeeze retailers to desire lo w cost and flexibility in design, quality, tilty and speed to market (Doyle, Moore, and Morgan 2006).In addition to speed to market and design, marketing and capital investing have also been identified as the driving forces of competitiveness in the fashion cut back diligence (Sinai 2006). Franks (2000) suggested sense and respond as the key tracery to maintain a lootable position in the increasingly dynamic and demanding market. A key defining characteristic of rapid responsiveness and greater flexibility, in this context, is to maintain immediate congenericships between suppliers and securers (Wheelwright and Clark 1992).Looking at the staple fiber structure of the fashion industry until the late sass, traditionally fashion uniform retailers utilise their cap capacity of forecasting consumer demand and fashion trends (known as ready-to-wear) long before the actual time of consumption in line of battle to compete in the market (Coercing 2001). However, recent years hav e seen fashion retailers compete with others by ensuring speed to market with their ability to provide rapidly the fashion trends revealed by fashion shows and railings.According to Tapping (1999), such retailers could be credited with the adoption of quick fashion that is an outcome of an unplanned member on the cut time gap between designing and consumption on a seasonal basis. *Corresponding author. electronic mail emailprotected Du SINS 0959-3969 pant/less 1466-4402 online 2010 Taylor & Francis DOE 10. 1080/09593960903498300 towpath. Thenceforward corn 166 V. Bradshaw and A. FurthestTodays fashion market is highly competitive and the constant necessity to refresh product ranges meaner that there is an inevitable move by many a(prenominal) retailers to extend the number of seasons, that is, the frequency with which the blameless merchandise at heart a store is changed. With the emergence of small collections of merchandise, fashion retailers are encouraging consumers to see their stores more frequently with the idea of Here Today, Gone Tomorrow. This indicates a shorter life cycle and higher profit margins from the sale of fast give awaying merchandise, skipping the markdown dish al unneurotic (Sydney 2008).In addition, desire to have variety and instant satisfaction with price mavens is motivating consumers to favour retailers such as Ezra and H (National Post 2009). Several studies have stressd sundry(a) aspects of the grease ones palmser-supplier relationship with quick or fast fashion, such as the costume design process relative to quick response (Formal and Venial 1996), the role of the supplier in fast moving fashion (Doyle, Moore, and Morgan 2006), buyer behavior (Bruce and Daly 2006), and financial comeance (Hayes and Jones 2006).However, there appears to be a gap in the literature cerebrate on the overall concept f fast fashion that has emerged in the fashion industry from a consumer perspective. Among legion(predicate) studie s on fast fashion, solitary(prenominal) a few studies have nidused on the consumer aspects that drive the changes in the fashion industry (for example, Barnes and Lea-Greenwood 2006). The purpose of this paper is to explore the changes that have occurred in the fashion apparel industry in the past two decades and attempt to get word how fast fashion emerged to the intent that it is today.Specifically, the study examines the changes in the fashion apparel industry air currenting to the evolution of throwaway or fast fashion. A apprize review of the literature serves to systematize and appraise the existing work. This study further attempts to organise the look for capabilities with market growth potential for fast fashion and proposes different venues for conducting research to acquire a better attending of fast fashion as a consumer-driven blast, not only supplier-driven.Overview of the fashion apparel industry In the course of the last two decades, the fashion apparel in dustry across the globe has undergone profound transmutation due to heterogeneous changes in the business environment. To understand the areas for research n fast fashion for the hereafter, it is serious to consider how it has evolved. The following sections discuss the changes that have occurred in the fashion industry since the sass.Fading of mass production Until the mid sass, success in the fashion industry was base on low cost mass production of standardized styles that did not change frequently due to the design restrictions of the factories, such as Levies 501 Scares and a mans white shirt, although there were exceptional cases of rapid changing haute couture (Brooks 1979). Apparently, consumers during that time ere less sensitive toward style and fashion, and preferred basic apparel. Bailey and Etcher (1992) reported a sudden increase in the import of fashion oriented apparel for women as compared to the standardized apparel in the sass.The International Review of Retai l, Distribution and Consumer Research 167 This knock down the demand for classic though simple apparel as consumers started becoming more fashion- sensible(p) (Bailey 2001). For instance, the womens legwarmer industry introduced colors and textures to basic hosiery to coordinate with every outfit (Donnelley 1996). Unfortunately, this change in fashion oriented apparel undistributed to an increase in mark-downs in the market, which became necessary due to the failure to sell fashion apparel during the forecasted season (TOT 1987).This line of products was further supported by Malone (1998, 1999) who provided evidence that mass production of fashion products was not a firmness of purpose to gain profits in the fashion business. Fashion seasons As fashion is considered to be a put onshift cyclical phenomena adopted by consumers for a particular time (Spoolers 1979), it befits evident that the life cycle for fashion is quite small. Since the sass, a typical life yes for fashion apparel had four stages introduction and adoption by fashion leaders growth and increase in public bridal mass conformity (maturation) and at long last the decline and obsolescence of fashion.Also, the fashion calendar during this time was primarily based on the fabric exhibitions, fashion shows and backup fairs, that consisted of the basic pattern of Spring/Summer and Audiometer ranges which typically resulted in developing a seasonal range in one full year. However, towards the beginning of the sass, retailers started focusing on expanding their product range with updated products and straightaway responsiveness to the newness of the fashion trends and providing refreshing products or else of only cost efficiencies for manufacturing (Barnes and Lea-Greenwood 2006 Hines 2001 Hoffman 2007).In enounce to increase the variety of fashion apparel in the market, the concept of adding more phases to the existing seasons (that is, the period of time during which fashion products are sold) in a fashion calendar came into existence. The addition of 3 to 5 mid-seasons forced immense pressure on suppliers to deliver fashion apparel in smaller batches with reduced lead time (Tyler, Heeled, and Bahamas 2006).For instance, Liz Collarbone developed six seasons instead of Just two (Bailey 2001). These changes to the number of mid-seasons arose partly from the changes in consumers lifestyles and partly from the need to satisfy consumers demand for fashion clothing for specific occasions. Structural characteristics Towards the late sass, the fashion apparel industry was dominated by several large retailers which increase the disputation levels in the market (Barnes and Legendary 2006).In order to survive the competition, other fashion apparel retailers switched from product-driven to buyer-driven chains, developed alliances with suppliers in efferent markets, and publicised their distinctive brands (Tyler, Heeled, and Bahamas 2006). This resulted in an increase of profi ts from unique combinations of high-value research, design, sales and marketing that would allow them and the shapers to act strategically by linking with overseas factories (Grief 1999, 43).Tyler, Heeled, and Bahamas (2006) illustrated that the fashion apparel industry developed an infrastructure around the late sass with an violence on promoting responsiveness (quick response) by reduced lead times, along 168 with maintaining low costs. Hereafter, the phenomena of sourcing manufacturing ND processes in fashion apparel industry to offshore places with low labor costs became a trend, thereby resulting in a substantial cost advantage.Despite the merits of outsourcing, it led to significantly longer lead times, complicated cede chains due to geographic distances, inconsistency and variability in processes at both ends of the chain, and complex import/export procedures (Bristle, Squished, and Frito 2003 Bruce and Daly 2006). In fact, the idea of cost savings finished outsourcing manufacturing to low wage nations became deceptive as the savings sometimes were significantly low compared with the cost of obsolescence, forced mark-downs, and inventory put uping costs (Christopher, Lawson, and mess 2004).Tyler, Heeled, and Bahamas (2006) highlighted product development as the weakness for the longer lead times to deliver fashion apparel to point-of-sale to consumers. As further explained, they illustrated that all the key players in a supply chain (that is, fashion and textile designer, retail buyer and manufacturers) worked in sequence in order to contribute their role, resulting in excessive costs, lack of effective communication and re whole caboodle due to inaccurate product developments.Furthermore, instead of translating the trends into the market right away, fashion retailers failed to sell the merchandise during the appropriate season, adversely impacting the profits (Frito, May, and Straighten 1995). Not surprisingly, the web site became worse due t o the rapid changing lifestyles and consumers choices for fashion and clothing in the market. All these shortcomings forced the industry toward restructuring in order to plant their operational performance (Tapping 2006).Some of the examples of restructuring that emerged around the sass include Just-in-time techniques and quick a response tit shorter lead times. For example, the number of fashion apparel retailers in the USA that started implementing a quick response (CRY) strategy grew from 60% to 72% from 1994 to 1995 Cones 1995). In recent years, these changes in the fashion apparel industry in the USA in foothold of outsourcing manufacturing to low wage countries and demand-driven flexible supply chains have shown that quick responsiveness is possible even in the presence of long physical distances.Fast fashion Fashion is defined as an expression that is widely accepted by a group of people over time and as been characterized by several marketing factors such as low predictab ility, high whim purchase, shorter life cycle, and high volatility of market demand (Fernier and Sparks 1998). Thus, in order to be profitable in the industry, fashion apparel retailers need to take the speed to market approach to capitalize on fashion that is not in the stores of their competitors.It has been further emphasized that market responsiveness and agility by means of rapid incorporation of consumer preferences into the design process in product development increases the profit margins for retailers (Christopher, Lawson, and Peck 2004). Looking at history, fashion runways and fashion shows were the biggest inspiration for the fashion industry. Along with this, these trend shows were primarily restricted to designers, buyers and other fashion managers.However from 1999 onwards, fashion shows and catwalks became a public phenomenon, where photographs of the recent fashion shows could be seen in magazines and on the web leading to demystification of the fashion process (Sy dney 2008). As a result, fashion- 169 conscious consumers were exposed to exclusive designs and styles inspired from runways. Retailers such as Ezra, H, Mango, New Look, and discharge Shop were adopting such designs rapidly to attract consumers and introduce interpretations of the runway designs to the stores in a minimum of trio to five hebdomads (Barnes and Lea-Greenwood 2006).Drawing on the foundations of quick responsiveness, the fashion apparel industry shifted from forecasting future trends to using real time data to understand the ineluctably and desires of the consumers Jackson 2001). The inability to accurately forecast or predict future trends (Christopher, Lawson, and Peck 2004) or failure to quickly imitate and produce fashion apparel as seen on runways (Richardson 1996) can lead to risk associated with longer lead times and once failure to attract facetiousnesss consumers.Using real-time data can eliminate this possible risk. fall in Kingdom retailers The UK fashio n industry has been widely admit to have initiated this unique strategy in the fashion industry (Barnes and Lea-Greenwood 2006). Since its beginning, the fashion apparel industry has been characterized by high levels of dominance by large retailers in the I-J with inflexible supply chains (Hines and Bruce 2001). Around the sass, apparel manufacturers and retailers, primarily from the I-J witnessed price pressure from the strong players in the market.In order to stay in competition, I-J retailers such as New Look and George shifted sourcing of merchandise to the Far East for a low cost advantage. In doing so, supply chains became more complex due to extensive geographical distance, thereby forcing these retailers to introduce practices such as just-in-time TIT), computing device integrated manufacturing (COM), total quality management (TTS) in manufacturing along with emphasis on shorter supply lines and quick response in the market (Bruce, Daly, and Towers 2004).As an outcome, reta ilers in the I-J started providing increased variety and fashionably to their customers, peeping in mind the low cost of the merchandise. In addition, they also added mid- season purchasing to their previous two-season calendars, resulting in providing high fashion at a low price throwaway market. Since then the throwaway market (now called fast fashion) has become a trend or norm (Tokomak, Wrigley, and Guzzling 2008). In sum, the concentrated UK fashion market resulted in street fashion as an attempt to gain a competitive edge along with market bundle through speed to market (Bristle and Breather 1998).The following sections provide supplier and consumer perspectives in regard to fast fashion. Fast fashion from the supplier perspective Apparel markets have become more varied and faster-changing in the present retail environment. The development of new, quick fashion appears symptomatic of the transition from a production-driven to a market-driven approach in the fashion apparel i ndustry. Retailers have started realizing that flexibility and rapid responsiveness to the market are the areas that are most important in todays market.During the past two decades, the fashion apparel industry has received increased attention in the context of buyer-supplier relationships, and quick espouse and 170 supply chain management to gain a competitive edge in the market (Crew and Davenport 1991 Frito, May, and Straighten 1995 Shoal, Perry, and Pratt 1998 Perry and Shoal 2000). In academic study, fast fashion has been researched from the perspective of a business model with a quick response strategy to reduce production times (Bailey 2001).Literature on fast fashion reflects association with pressure on lead-time reduction in an organization and coordination with various players in the supply chain (Barnes and Lea-Greenwood 2006 Weenies 1999). The obsolete long- eying cycles for many fashion retailers has forced them to improve responsiveness in reduced time, resulting in a n introduction of several practices in the fashion industry that describe shorter, more flexible supply chains such as quick response (Fernier and Gamma 2004), Just-in-time (Bruce, Daly, and Towers 2004) and agile supply chains (Bruce, Daly, and Towers 2004 Christopher, Lawson, and Peck 2004).In order to improve efficiency in the demand-driven market, these practices have often been link up to vertical integration focusing on collaboration, information sharing and rust between entities in a supply chain (Bristle, Squished, and Frito 2003). In addition, improvements in communication between retailers and producers through technology such as estimator-designing (CAD) and electronic data interchange (DEED) have contributed to shortening lead times (Bruce, Daly, and Towers 2004).Fast fashion from a consumer perspective Consumers are becoming more demanding and fashion savvy which is forcing fashion retailers to provide the right product at the right time in the market in other words, provide quick (fast) fashion (The economic expert 2005). As the consumer market is fragmented in terms of consumption patterns, fast fashion is gaining in immenseness among consumers. With such developments, researchers should identify the full spectrum of consumer behavior towards fast fashion.The literature on fast fashion highlights various aspects of supply chain management, supported by supply chain theory to improve the business model of fashion retailers. It is worth noting that not many studies have addressed fast fashion as a consumer-driven approach, leaving this an under- researched area. Information and trends are moving around the globe at erroneous speeds, resulting in consumers ability to have more options and thus shop more often (Hoffman 2007).Changes in lifestyle due to coloratura factors and a need for uniqueness forces fashion retailers to renew merchandise constantly to deal with the growing competition in the market (Spoolers and Burns 1994). The constant, va rying demands by consumers has impacted the process of forecasting and product supply shifting towards replicating famous designs and styles from fashion magazines and fashion shows in small quantities more frequently (Christopher, Lawson, and Peck 2004). The comprehension of throwaway fashion varies mongo different generations.For example, young people of the population that constitute Generation Y would prefer a higher number of low-quality, cheap and fashionable clothes as compared to baby boomers, who would prefer to purchase fewer number of higher quality clothes (Crew and Davenport 1992). From conservative consumers perspective, fast fashion is viewed as a Waste because rather than buying one high quality item to satisfy a wardrobe need, consumers buy multiples that are lower quality and then throw old merchandise away as quickly as they bring in new ones (Sydney 2008).In 171 agreement with Barnes and Lea-Greenwood (2006) and based on different perspectives of consumers towa rd fast fashion mentioned in this study, it is apparent that fast fashion is a consumer-driven approach, in addition to a supplier-driven approach. Future research related to fast fashion Review of existing research on different aspects of fast fashion indicates that the past 20 years have seen substantial progress in knowledge generation about the idea, as evidenced by the increasing number of Journal publications over time and the variety of topics addressed, though these are mostly restricted to the supply chain domain.Literature n fast fashion implies that rapid responsiveness techniques such as Just-in time, quick response, and agile supply chains can be valuable to the fashion industry because such techniques can create a competitive edge in the market (see, for example, Bruce, Daly, and Towers 2004 Christopher, Lawson, and Peck 2004 Frito, May, and Straighten 1995 Shoal, Perry, and Pratt 1998).However, minimal evidence addresses consumer behavior towards fashion that is quic kly changing (see, for example, Barnes and Lea-Greenwood 2006). By knowing how and to what extent rapid changing fashion walk outs consumers purchase behavior and satisfaction levels, tillers can develop strategies that can lead to improved profitability. The phenomenon of fast fashion has been extensively discussed in the fashion press.However, the existing academic literature on fast fashion is somewhat limited and calls for additional research on aspects such as factors that travel consumers purchase intention such as exclusivity, price- sentience, hoarding merchandise for future use, consumers perceived risk due to trade-off between quality and price, consumer expectation and satisfaction after the consumption process, and consumers efficiency in terms of cost-benefit analysis.The dramatic change in the fashion apparel industry, coupled with environmental concerns giving rise to conscious consumers in terms of fair trade, the green market and organic clothing, implies that res earchers will need to broaden, redesign and align their research to match the fashion markets in the twenty-first century. Further research can also examine the pricing strategy used for fast fashion apparel along with analysis of consumers willingness to pay more for environmentally friendly and sustainable fast fashion apparel (for example, organic and green cotton apparel used by Ezra and H&M) (see Ethical Style 2009).Currently, little is reported in the literature regarding the division of consumers based on the acceptance of fast fashion. thitherfore, it is important to conduct research to analyses the acceptance of fast fashion across different consumer segments. Another area of research interest could be to see whether consumers perceive fast fashion brands as counterfeit due to lower price and quality offered by the retailers. Also, it will be worth understanding how consumers differentiate value retailing and fast fashion retailing as both aim to offer lower prices.Conclus ion Fast fashion is a concept that will continue to affect the assign apparel industry over the next decade and will have a direct effect on the way consumers purchase and react to trends. Although continued research relative to the supply-side of fast fashion is important, emphasis should be placed on examining consumers 172 perception of fast fashion. Empirical understanding of consumer characteristics and their motivation to make purchase purposes for throwaway fashion can serve well retailers in developing effective marketing strategies to perform more effectively in the market. References BaileyFashionThroughout this essay, a thorough analysis will be made in relation to specific research on goals of work in a particular work place. The study that will be focused on throughout this essay is a ladies fashion dress shop. The main occupation will focus on converses of management throughout the concepts of what is considered as work in the retail sector, how the working(a) e nvironment is managed throughout the fashion industry, committal in the piece of work and relationship of groupwork.All these aspects of work will be tied in together to form a research based pipeline in relation to the fashion boutique. In order to produce a contextual remark of the fancy of work, research will be based on primary research from an interview with the manager of the ladies fashion boutique and observations of the boutique. Throughout the use of the interviewing being incorporated into this essay, theoretical concepts and scholarly articles will be used to back up the focus on discourses of management inwardly the perspective of what is considered as work in the work place.Due to ethical reasons, I will be making reference to the manager of the boutique by the name of Anna. In reference to the notion of work inside the ladies fashion boutique, before focusing n that, firstly a brief overview about the company, the workplace and what it provides to customers and t he fashion industry. The ladies fashion company offers a different range of fashion clothing and accessories for contemporary Australian woman. The wide clothing range caters for women that are 25 years of age and up as well as offering sizes ranged from 8 to 16 to suit their individual needs.The retail sector has become a significant focus throughout the fashion industry and the way work is structured around it. Work in spite of appearance the retail industry needs to be efficient in order to create a sure-fire irking environment for both employees and customers. According to the fall in States Department of Labor, in their book on work, in relation to the retail sector, they claim that whether selling shoes, computer equipment, or automobiles, retail salesperson assist customers in finding what they are looking for.They also try to increase the sales by describing a products features, demonstrating its uses, and promoting its value (2011, p. 543). Alternatively, in the case of this ladies fashion boutique, Anna and her team focus on forming a successful customer base and sell customers clothing in order to suit their needs. Within retail, the customer is always a significant factor. In order to meet the customers requirements, the notion of work by the employee needs to be efficient within the workplace in the way they sell and promote the particular product.For instance if an employee is selling a white linen dress from the fashion boutique to a customer, then in order to successfully sell that dress, they would need to ensure it is the correct size and style that suits that particular customer. However, this is why the discourse of work within retail is important as it becomes a process of service in work. Similarly, Erickson article focuses on the concept of dance of service, as he refers to the concept of it by using the example of a restaurant.In his article, he mentions that imagine the restaurant like a stage the line between back and front is dem arcated not by a curtain but rather the place where kitchen tile turns into dining room carpet (2004, p. 77). In relation to the ladies fashion boutique, their act of service works in a similar motion. Interviewee, Anna was asked what their workplace was like at the boutique, she spooned by saying the physical lieu I work for is open plan and it is visible to the public. I work indoors and the store is based in a shopping centre surrounded by glass windows.We have one computer at work which is used by all the team (2011, individualised Interview). In reference to the response of the workplace in the fashion boutique, alternatively in relation to Erickson notion of dance of service, the workplace is held in a substantial open plan area and the employees work freely in order to move around to serve the customers, followed by processing the sale through the computer system. Ultimately, this notion of what is considered as work and how the working environment is managed also ties in w ith the notion of commitment within the workplace.Commitment is an important factor of work which needs to be taken into consideration not only in the retail sector but within every working sector through various problems. In relation to the main argument of this essay in relation to cultures of work, commitment becomes a common theme of discourse throughout the culture of work within the fashion boutique, both in a theoretical framework and primary research taken from the manager of the boutique. To draw on primary research, the interviewee was asked about her role in the boutique and universal working requirements.She responded The work I do at the moment is in a managerial position at a fashion retail boutique, I work for a successful Australian manufacturer and retail company. The hours I work are 40 hours full time work a week and my hours do not change, however my working days do change. I have worked for the same employer for 8 years and I thoroughly enjoy the workplace tha t I work in and I am consistently committed to my work (2011, Personal Interview). In addition to this,Meyer and Allen in their book about commitment in the workplace claim that the view that commitment is a psychological state that (a) characterizes the employees relationship with the organization, and (b) has implications for the decision to continue membership in the organization (1997, p. 1 1). Consequently, it is important to recognize that commitment in the workplace is essential. If you are going to work in a particular workplace, in relation to this essay a ladies fashion boutique, then you need to ensure that you are committed to that work and what work is required of you o fill your daily line of products requirements.Evidently, when interviewee Anna was asked about the commitment towards the workplace, she responded by saying l work as a team, which I thoroughly enjoy. However, as I work in a fashion retail store, I need to wear the clothes that we sell in the store. In relation to commitment in our workplace, all team members are committed and the relationship that we have is important, of which is honesty, reliability and friendliness (2011, Personal Interview).All these aspects that are addressed are reiterated through Meyer and Allens representation f commitment being labeled as trinity different components of which are affective, continuance and normative (1997, p. 1 1). Through this, within the workplace it is important to understand that if you are commitment to your work then you belong within that particular organization. To break down these triplet different components in relation to the fashion boutique, this can be discussed through my observations of the workplace.In relation to the affective component, this referred to the way the employees felt within the workplace and their involvement within the workplace environment (Meyer and Allen, 1997, p. 1). In relation to this, throughout the observations, employees at the ladies fashion b outique were committed and enthusiastic in assisting customers with their needs for fashion clothing (2011, Personal Observations). Similarly, as for the continuance component of commitment, this involves the cost within the workplace (Meyer and Allen, 1997, p. 1 1).In reference to this, from the observations, the employees involved were not showing any sign of leaving the workplace. The employees commitment within the fashion boutique workplace was rigorously based on assisting the customers in buying and trying on loathes, daily paperwork involved within the line and re stocking of clothes out on the floor. Within the workplace there did not show to be any sign of employees working only for the factor of money, it was there passion for the Job and satisfying the customers needs (2011, Personal Observations).Alternatively, the notion of normative commitment refers to the responsibility and requirements that are displayed from the employees in order to stay within the organization (Meyer and Allen, 1997, p. 1 1). In particular, it is referred to as the high level of responsibility that s required from both the manager and their employees. If the level of normative commitment is evidently high throughout the employees and the workplace then employees of the fashion boutique will feel the need to remain within the workplace.Overall, in conjunction with all collar of these components of commitment, it displays a thorough view on how commitment becomes an important factor within not only the fashion industry but also in any other workplace. Alternatively, within the workplace, alongside what is considered as work and the commitment of employees towards the workplace, teamwork is a significant factor hat falls under the concept of discourse of management within the working environment.When working in an organization, in this case a fashion boutique, employees working together as a team in order to fulfill budget requirements as well as their customer service thr oughout the Job, this leads to creating a successful business and workplace environment. Interviewee, Anna was asked how her team worked within the fashion boutique. She responded by saying l mainly work with women and I work very well with a great team, with each and every team member with different strengths towards the workplace (2011, Personal Interview).Similarly, through this, Managing in his book about effective team work claims that working as a team has definite advantages for you as an employee, for your company, and youre your customers. Most people have to learn new interpersonal and process skills to become involved, fully effective and contributing team members (1994, p. 2). In saying this, from Annas previous response in relation to how her team work within the boutique, I order to fulfill their goals, constant assistance is evident amongst all employees and they all help each other in the workplace to develop a safe, comfortable and successful environment.Similarly, this leads to expression a workplace of high morale. Ultimately, Braces article discusses the trust and respect that managers need to display towards their employees in order to ensure that there is unique performance by employees and a high employee morale forever shown (2002, p. 10). Alternatively, within a workplace environment, if employers and their employees do not work well together in order to fulfill daily sales requirements, then conflict amongst employees could arise which could lead to employee resignation. Hence, effective teamwork in the workplace leads to a successful company within the detail fashion industry.In reference to teamwork amongst the workplace, an additional quality aspect that ties in with the notion of team work is Job satisfaction amongst employees. According to Specter, Job satisfaction is simply how people feel about their Jobs and different aspects of their Jobs. It is the extent to which people like (satisfaction) or dislike (dissatisfaction) th eir Jobs (1997, p. 2). In relation to the fashion boutique, it has become evident from the responses of the interview that Anna is sufficiently happy and enjoying her Job as well as her employees.The way she works with her employees builds an efficient morale within the workplace. The managers interaction towards fellow employees needs to be successful in a way to form a relationship bond with one other in the workplace. Throughout the notion of Job satisfaction, when working in either a fashion boutique or another particular workplace, attending work on a daily basis, you need to make sure that you feel satisfied about your Job and the people you are working with.For instance when selling a garment to a customer, you use your retail skills to communicate with the customer in order to sell her a garment. If the customer is satisfied and buys that particular garment then you as an employee will feel that your Job has been satisfied which will encourage you to work even better in the workplace. Ultimately, in relation to Job satisfaction, interviewee Anna answers her thoughts about it within her workplace.She says In the years I have worked at this fashion boutique, myself and my employees have always been satisfied in the work we do and the acknowledgment we get from customer feedback is very positive. When we also sell over an average budget, we receive bonuses which we feel satisfied that we are working efficiently in the prophesier (2011, Personal Interview). In particular, this ties in with Specters view of job satisfaction, where the employees in the fashion boutique are highly content with their Jobs. In relation to Annas response to bonuses, they are a satisfying work incentive within the workplace.For instance when an employee sells over the required average sale budget, they may receive an incentive of a voucher to use towards garments within the store. It is a way of not only ensuring the employees are satisfied but that the employees feel that they are presenting successful takings for the company on a daily basis. Overall, a significant claim that McDowell makes in relation to this is the way work itself is as much about the cultural production of employees as about the material production of goods and services (2002, p. 06). In relation to the fashion boutique, employees would work together to produce the skills and knowledge required to sell the fashion and accessories to consumers. In conclusion, throughout this essay, it has become evident that there are various discourses of management within the workplace environment. Specifically, in relation the Ladies Fashion Clothing Boutique being the main case study throughout the above discussion in overall relation to the topic of cultures of work within the workplace environment.Thorough contextual research has been analyses and discussed in relation to what is considered as work, commitment in the workplace and the notion of teamwork within the workplace, all in accordance to the above relevant case study. Evidently, comprehension of primary research methods from interview questions and observations of the workplace have thoroughly been put into context with theoretical concepts within cultures of work as well as consistent support from scholarly articles and books.FashionFashion What you wear defines who you are. Fashion is an enormous icon in our society. It is practically the thing we can never go without. We make our very first impression by what we wear not by our personalities. They say you are what you eat but truly you are what you wear and fashion has provided us with a little something to define everyone. There are so many styles of fashion Goth, Chic, Prep, Hippies etc. Every style has its own interpretation so why would we not be classified into that style and its description that fits us perfectly.What we wear can also make it easy for us to identify people and whether they are ho we want to collectivism with, I. E. An individual wearing all Goth (black faded clothing) would not befriend someone who wears preppy clothing (beige colored clothing). Fashion plays an even bigger role when it comes to uniforms do you that think without uniforms we would be able to identify the license on our streets? Do you think that we would have the same respect for a doctor in a Sears and t-shirt?A number of religions prescribed a specific clothing style aside for us. Our designers are creative geniuses in all aspects. There is no obvious reason as to why we buy the yep of wardrobes we do. It could be to make a statement to get noticed, I. E. Prostitutes are easy to spot with their provocative style of fashion. Others might Just be copying the current trend this makes it hard for to prove the theory of what you wear defines you but then we could Judge these individuals as those who have not found a style that defines them.We wear clothes to beautify ourselves to attract the attention we seek. We dress a certain way that mirrors the mood we are in, happy = bright colored clothing & sad = grey and baggy clothing, there are many seasons as to why we take hours Just deciding what to wear because it is essential in our lives to create the correct mood, persona, background, etc. Why wouldnt one agree with this statement?We choose the clothes we wear by the way we want to be perceived by others, fact. Several options about how could one not define ones self with it. They say dont Judge a book by its cover but in the end we still go ahead and judge this is the same for fashion which is why we make sure we always look good. We do not need loincloths anymore to Just cover up it is the 21st century There is a whole new meaning to clothing ourselves. WORDS 450FashionProgress of a society mainly depends upon the society?was youngsters. They are the one taking oath to assist the whole nation?was gravy boat of dream and hope reach their destined desire and anchor the sea-shore. So,people might reckon that young people s hould be expressed properly to their surroundings regardless by their own or fashion consciousness. think,young people should be as much fashion conscious as by which they could get attraction of their Juniors and followers,to be worthy of being followed as the torchbearer of the whole nation.The current nature of our society is to be driven away or get carried away by the good looks and appearances of a person,though it is hard to listen but a true fact. So,we mustiness be more practical rather than being emotional. As,part of being practical,we have to emphasis on what people hanker after,what they demand for. That is why,young people as,considered as the torchbearer of our nation,should be more fashion conscious to get attractive,so that,they might be followed as the society?was idol. Humans are by nature characterized as getting attracted by opposite gender room the very beginning of the origin of human society.Now-a-days,everyone prefers a person?was outlooks and wealth as we ll more than anything,which is a real fact. The more you are being fashion conscious,The better you tend to be attractive for the opposite gender. So,as part of finding a right on partner,one might be fashion conscious since it is helpful to let you find one. The visualization of current society regarding one person?was smartness is day by day deteriorating. People,however,now,think that the one with more fashionable ideas is he one with more smartness. So,it is like,if you are being fashion conscious you are known as a smart guy in your society.As years,decades waves through and oscillated ahead,our society improves and youngsters are the one who does it through their intelligence,merit and different types of innovative,creative and tillable ideas. Since,beautification of our appearance is the major concern for us as part of representing our smartness,which I think,by observing the current slip of our society,various types of honesty shows in our TV channels such as,Lush Chann el I Superstar,and so on are getting popular day by day,where your face is becoming a product.Some people of our society understand one?was realm and influence over the society are the effects or resultants of habitants amount of wealth,inheritance. They don?wet pay heed to the outlook or appearances of a person,As fast as one person sees diligence,intelligence,merits and talentss are concerned,these are only reflections of that person?was level of thinking ability,skills on various things,eligibilities on writ of execution tough problems that they face in life. And if a person is vague with his life,he/she can show their skills and potentiality through his works and deeds.And as an example,if one?was outlook and appearances would be everything needed in life,football player of Arsenal football club,Servings,could not have become a model. Refuting the counter points of the statement is as much needs as wended to understand the importance of beige fashion conscious as representati ve of our young generations. As I said earlier,the society is getting drowned down by the outlook,hence being sentimental or hypocrite wont help someone to find his/her influence on the wealth that they possess.Since,smartness is one of the key features one might own in succeeding with their life,fashion conscious people are the ones,who are considered as smart people now-a-days. Since,fashion consciousness is virtue of a so called fashionable person these days,so by born or as sustaining a habitual fact,they might be responsible,serious or conscious to all of their duties and responsibilities. In properly described accompaniment of our current society regarding evaluation of a person does contain our fondness to one?was get awards fashion consciousness is very essential for our teenagers and younger ones to be more expressive. F they are to bear and carry the whole nation forward,they must have something in their character which might provoke their surroundings such as and even su periors to get attracted by. Thus they would enable themselves to grab some followers,who would become their correspondents in building the future of the nation and could get spreader out all over the world as their messenger,as per my visualization upon the topic is concerned.Fashion Fashionon and off the runway? Fashion On and Off the racecourse What comes to mind when you think of fashion? Do you picture the latest issue of W Magazine, a runway for starving Models? , or is fashion to you less of a privilege and more of a key to acceptance? Dries Van Note once said Consider clothing not as an element of social status but more as an expression of ones personality. Jaeger p. 54) The fact is, fashion isnt about putting something on our bodies to cover us up, but a form of expressionJust like a vocaliser singing on a stage to communicate, and a writer choices his sound judgment in his Journal, a Fashions expresses his/herself by Cloths and Accessories. First of all, the main goal and soul reasoning off budding fashion designer is to express their own self in a beautiful way and have people not only to accept their product but use it to help express themselves. Stylist Kathy England stated To have style is quite a rare thing. Its when someones visual senses are heightened. Its instinctively knowing how to put ones whole self- clothes, shoes, makeup, hair, nails, etc. unneurotic in harmony and having the self-confidence to do it. It has absolutely nothing to do with money. Jaeger p. 194). This Golden Philosophy is dual-lane throughout the fashion world from designers like Mulberry to Gucci and Calvin Klein to Diesel (Cereal p. 86). Journalist Jeanne Baker defined fashion as the following Clothing is the general term for various coverings designed to protect or endow the human biology. (Baker p. 10) In order to have a successful fashion designing career, one must have at least a bachelors degree.It has been decided that a bachelors degree is needed to full y understand and memorize the agreements and form of the body. From coast to coast, Colleges, that teach exactly that art, called The Art Institutes, are in a numerous amount of states, especially in bigger metropolitan areas. Personally, I believe that if a person has the talent and knowledge of clothing the body, no type of schooling is needed but is very useful as a plan to fall back on in the case of an emergency Jaeger p. 94). Margaret Van hideout Busch, creator and designer of the popular H&M Department stores, once stated that in his opinion O can unimpeachably learn how to be a designer by working rather than tidying, but it might take you longer when asked if fashion school was necessary in becoming a fashion designer Jaeger p. 94). One very exciting and stressful bonus of being a fashion designer is that you are more than likely to become your own boss. It is very important to the future fashion designer that they possess the quality to be ones own boss. This meaner you are obligated to make up your own schedule, work your own hours, hire clients and learn to budget your wages.Some turn to alternative sources such as a secretary, assistant, or someone you trust to manage these things. Another important factor in becoming a designer is working in laid back, harmonious environments. Working in such an environment really has a lot of influence on your designs and the rate you produce these products. Although I have never been in a situation where I have had to rush in planning or designing a piece, I could imagine the stress put on a designer when a deadline is pressed is greatly nerve-racking.Angela Mission, daughter of one of the most celebrated and long standing designers in Italy, once quoted l know that I like to work in harmony Lam lucky in that when y parents strengthened the company in 1968, they built it in the woods, in a place they would have loved to live. Jaeger p. 45) From personal experience, I have noticed that when I am more relaxe d sewing goes smoother and pieces flow together easier. It is always a good idea to work in a well-lighted Comfortable, Non-Stressful, setting.Last, but definitely not least, the Fashion industry contributes greatly to society. In the realm of business, the field of fashion marketing and stocks and bonds stimulates the thriftiness by putting money back into the cycle of things Jaeger p. 253). On the other and, in the mental aspect, by using fashion as a way to express ones inner voice, fashion shapes peoples attitudes and self-esteem. For example when you wear a certain theme you are compelled to act on your emotion that made you want to wear that outfit.Although some would argue that the issues with skinny models or provocative, revealing fashion corrupts the self-image of young girls today in justification of designers, I can appreciate the art and feeling that the designer is trying to get across thru the piece. It is also true that In the world of fashion one day youre in and h e next day youre out (Baker p. 10). As harsh as it may seem, this is none less than a reality to anyone in the fashion business and the industry has no respect for person.To fashion newcomers such as Lady GaGa, April Leaving, and genus Selene Gomez it is very important that they stay on their toes and keep themselves in the fashion scene. In conclusion, Fashion may seem like the least of some peoples worries and not of importance to society but in reality its what we wear everyday. So the question is, what are you wearing? Sources Consulted Baker, Jeanne. Passion for Fashion Careers in Style. coupled States by Tundra Books of Northern New York 2008 Cereal, Olivier.Fashion Concept to Catwalk. United States by Firefly Book Ltd. 2010 Globing, Pamela. Balancing Paris. United States of America by Thames & Hudson Inc. 2006 Jaeger, Anne-Cline. Fashion Makers Fashion shapers. United States of America by Thames & Hudson Inc. 2009 Eleventh, Melissa. Retreat Fashion and Anti-Fashion. unfasten ed States of America by Thames & Hudson Inc. 2005 Mower, Sarah. Stylist Interpreters of Fashion. China by Arizona International Publications Inc. 2007